The epidemiologic evidence underlying recommendations for use of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among American Indian and Alaska Native populations

Said, Maria; O’Brien, Katherine L.; Nuorti, J. Pekka; Singleton, Rosalyn; Whitney, Cynthia G.; Hennessy, Thomas W.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.086

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The causes of the decreased efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination among Native Americans are multifactorial and involve unusually high rates of endemic disease, malnutrition, obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcoholism, and other effects of poverty [ 139 , 157 , 158 , 159 ]. Other U.S. minorities, such as African Americans and Latinos [ 139 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 ], also experience lower vaccine efficacy than is found among Whites and for similar reasons. Because poverty, malnutrition, endemic disease, and substance use vary widely by geographical region, significant differences in pneumococcal vaccine efficacy also exist at a global level [ 174 ], so that simply using vaccination rates, as has been performed here, and in most of the other studies cited in this paper, is only an approximation for actual efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rates of pneumococcal vaccination and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among adults >64 in the United States by race/ethnicity compared with ratios of COVID-19 case rates, hospitalizations, and deaths. Data from [159][160][161][162][163][164][165]. (*) Note that it has been established that the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination among Native Americans is dramatically lower than among Whites [157,158], which explains the extraordinarily high IPD rate among Native Americans.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination Rates and Pneumococcal Invasive Disease Rates Set Geographical and Ethnic Population Susceptibility to Serious COVID-19 Cases and Deaths

Root‐Bernstein

2021

Vaccines

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This study examines the relationship of pneumococcal vaccination rates, influenza, measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccinations (DTP), polio, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), and Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (tuberculosis) vaccination rates to COVID-19 case and death rates for 51 nations that have high rates of COVID-19 testing and for which nearly complete childhood, at-risk adult and elderly pneumococcal vaccination data were available. The study is unique in a large number of nations examined, the range of vaccine controls, in testing effects of combinations of vaccinations, and in examining the relationship of COVID-19 and vaccination rates to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Analysis of Italian regions and the states of the United States were also performed. Significant positive correlations were found between IPD (but not lower respiratory infections) and COVID-19 rates, while significant negative correlations were found between pneumococcal vaccination and COVID-19 rates. Influenza and MMR vaccination rates were negatively correlated with lower respiratory infection (LRI) rates and may synergize with pneumococcal vaccination rates to protect against COVID-19. Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination rates were independent of other vaccination rates. These results suggest that endemic rates of bacterial pneumonias, for which pneumococci are a sentinel, may set regional and national susceptibility to severe COVID-19 disease and death.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination Rates and Pneumococcal Invasive Disease Rates Set Geographical and Ethnic Population Susceptibility to Serious COVID-19 Cases and Deaths

Root‐Bernstein

2021

Vaccines

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“…PCV15 contains pneumococcal polysaccharide serotypes 22F and 33F in addition to the PCV13 serotypes, conjugated to CRM197 (genetically detoxified diphtheria toxin) (9). Phase II and III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of a dose of PCV15 compared with a dose of PCV13 in healthy adults aged ≥50 years (12)(13)(14), adults aged 18-49 years who are Native American (a population with higher rates of IPD than the general U.S. population) (15) or with ≥1 risk condition for pneumococcal disease (16), and adults aged ≥18 years with HIV infection (17). Serotype-specific functional antibody responses were measured 1 month after vaccination using an opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) assay.…”

Section: Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of 15-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Among U.S. Adults: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2022

Kobayashi¹,

Farrar²,

Gierke³

et al. 2022

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

226

218

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“…Furthermore, polysaccharide vaccines do not have a significant effect on Sp carriage and cannot induce herd protection (13). Better vaccines are needed for the prevention of pneumococcal infections in adults (14, 15). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pneumococcal vaccines use on invasive pneumococcal disease in Nunavik (Quebec) from 1997 to 2010

Meur

Lefebvre

Proulx

et al. 2014

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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BackgroundIn 2000, an outbreak of severe pneumonia caused by a virulent clone of serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected in the Nunavik region of Quebec. A mass immunization campaign was implemented in the spring of 2002, targeting persons ≥5 years of age and using the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). At the same time, the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced into the routine immunization programme of infants, with catch-up for children up to 4 years of age.ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in relation to PPSV23 and PCV7 use.Study design and methodsRetrospective analysis of IPD cases identified by the Quebec public health laboratory during the period 1997–2010.ResultsA total of 82 IPD cases were identified during the study period. In adults, serotype 1 incidence decreased following the 2002 PPSV23 mass campaign but breakthrough cases continued to occur. Following PCV7 use in children, there was a decrease in the incidence of vaccine-type IPD and replacement by other serotypes in adults. In children, a marked decrease in the annual incidence of serotypes included in PCV7 was observed following PCV7 introduction: 162/100,000 in 1997–2001 vs. 10/100,000 in 2004–2010 (p<0.01). Concomitantly, the incidence of IPD caused by serotypes not included in PCV7 increased from 29/100,000 to 109/100,000 (p=0.11).ConclusionThe mass immunization campaign using the PPSV23 in 2002 and the introduction of PCV7 for the routine immunization of infants induced important modifications in the epidemiology of IPD. IPD rates in Nunavik remain much higher than in the southern part of the province both in children and adults. More effective pneumococcal vaccines are needed to eliminate geographic disparities in IPD risk.

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The epidemiologic evidence underlying recommendations for use of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among American Indian and Alaska Native populations

Cited by 17 publications

References 63 publications

Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination Rates and Pneumococcal Invasive Disease Rates Set Geographical and Ethnic Population Susceptibility to Serious COVID-19 Cases and Deaths

Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination Rates and Pneumococcal Invasive Disease Rates Set Geographical and Ethnic Population Susceptibility to Serious COVID-19 Cases and Deaths

Use of 15-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Among U.S. Adults: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2022

Impact of pneumococcal vaccines use on invasive pneumococcal disease in Nunavik (Quebec) from 1997 to 2010

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