The enzymatic production of lactulose via transglycosylation in conventional and non-conventional media

Khatami, Seyyedhadi; Ashtiani, Farzin Zokaee; Bonakdarpour, Babak; Mehrdad, Mahsa

doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.07.010

Cited by 26 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As a promising alternative to this chemical method, enzymatic production of lactulose regarding product safety can result in clean production, and easy purification of the product would be desirable (Panesar & Kumari, 2011). Enzymatic synthesis of lactulose is commonly performed by b-glycosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) and b-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) in free and immobilised forms (Kim et al, 2006;Mayer et al, 2010;Khatami et al, 2014). Low conversion yield and high costs of enzymes are the main hurdles for the enzymatic method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactulose production from lactose by recombinant cellobiose 2‐epimerase in permeabilised Escherichia coli cells

Wang

Yang

Xiao

et al. 2015

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus cellobiose 2-epimerase (CsCE) catalyses the single substrate lactose into lactulose and is the most efficient enzyme ever found for the enzymatic synthesis of lactulose. Ethanol-permeabilised Escherichia coli cells containing CsCE were used as biocatalysts for lactulose production. The reaction conditions for maximum lactulose production were optimised to be 600 g L À1 lactose, pH 7.5, 80°C and 12.5 U mL À1 of whole-cell biocatalyst. After incubated at Na 2 HPO 4 -NaH 2 PO 4 buffer for 2 h, approximately 390.59 g L À1 lactulose was obtained with a conversion yield of 65.1%. The lowest production and conversion yield of epilactose were also found in Na 2 HPO 4 -NaH 2 PO 4 buffer with a final concentration of 11.7 g L À1 and a conversion yield <2%. The results represent a promising technology to attain high production and conversion yield of lactulose with a high purity on industrial scale.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactulose production from lactose by recombinant cellobiose 2‐epimerase in permeabilised Escherichia coli cells

Wang

Yang

Xiao

et al. 2015

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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“…Recently, the use of nonconventional media for lactulose production by the commercial β‐galactosidase from K. lactis (Lactozym 3000L HP G, Novozymes, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) was evaluated by Khatami and others (). First, the optimum concentrations of lactose and fructose were selected in an aqueous medium.…”

Section: Lactulose Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalytic Approaches Using Lactulose: End Product Compared with Substrate

Silvério

Macedo

Teixeira

et al. 2016

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Lactulose is a lactose-based carbohydrate with well-known prebiotic effect and recognized medical applications. Currently, the commercially available lactulose is chemically synthesized. Nevertheless, the process leads to low yields and high levels of by-products. Alternatively, lactulose can be produced by enzymatic synthesis, which provides a cleaner production under mild conditions. Two different enzymatic routes were reported for lactulose production. Lactulose can be obtained through hydrolysis and transfer reactions catalyzed by a glycosidase. Alternatively, lactulose can be produced by direct isomerization of lactose to lactulose catalyzed by cellobiose-2-epimerase. An interesting characteristic of lactulose is also its capacity to act as substrate in additional enzymatic synthesis which leads to the formation of attractive compounds, such as lactulose-based oligosaccharides and lactulose esters. Besides increasing the interest and potential of lactulose, these lactulose-based compounds can also offer new and promising functionalities and applications. Herein, we review the enzymes involved in the synthesis of lactulose, as well as the reaction conditions and yields. The potential of different enzymes is discussed and it is shown that reaction conditions and composition of products depend on the type of enzyme and its microbial source. The conversion of lactulose into lactulose-based compounds is also covered, describing in detail the biocatalysts involved, the reaction conditions used, and the potential of the final products obtained.

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