The Enzymatic Dissolution Of Experimental Arterial Thrombi in the Dog by Trypsin, Chymotrypsin and Plasminogen Activators12

The Mechanism of Clot Dissolution by Plasmin*

“…Animal experiment, despite the difficulties and confusion of species variability, has yielded striking findings (7,8,9). Though the demonstration of experimental thrombolytic action has been of an unequivocal nature, the precise mechanism of its production has hitherto been obscure.…”

The Maintenance of a Sustained Thrombolytic State in Man. I. Induction and Effects*

“…The intravenous injection of very large doses of streptokinase has been shown to produce lysis of artificially produced thrombi in the arteries of dogs (1) and in the veins of rabbits (2), to cause the clearance of peritoneal exudate evoked by trauma (3) and more recently to prevent or remove fibrinoid lesions secondary to the generalized Shwartzman response (4). These findings appear to be of unequivocal significance but the precise mechanism of their production has been uncertain.…”

A Discussion of the Role of Complex Evolved Systems in the Development of Invasive Cardiovascular Interventions as Illustrated by the Blalock- Taussig Shunt and Intra-Arterial Stents

“…Five years later, in 1979, Rentrop placed a catheter into the left anterior descending coronary artery and injected streptokinase in an attempt to prevent a myocardial infarction [231]. Streptokinase had been injected systemically in previous attempts but patients suffered from severe hemorrhage as a result.…”

“…Streptokinase had been injected systemically in previous attempts but patients suffered from severe hemorrhage as a result. The direct injection using less streptokinase proved efficacious in addition to limiting the side effects [231]. Streptokinase is a product of the metabolism of hemolytic streptococcus and was first proposed as a clot buster in the early 1950s [232][233][234][235].…”

“…By the end of the 1950s the safety and efficacy of streptokinase administration for acute myocardial infarction in humans had been established [240] with more clinical trials ongoing. Eventually intracoronary injection became the preferred method of administration [231,[241][242][243][244]. The administration of anti-coagulants was also important in the development of stents but, like streptokinase, also caused severe side effects in addition to aiding in the patency of the vessel.…”