The Environmental Profile of Platinum Group Metals

Bossi, Tania; Gediga, Johannes

doi:10.1595/205651317x694713

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Data sources and references Average values based on Bossi and Gediga (2017), EASAC (2016, November), Montmasson-Clair (2016, June), Cairncross (2014, March), Glaister and Mudd (2010).…”

Section: Environmental and Economic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Closing the loop on platinum from catalytic converters: Contributions from material flow analysis and circularity indicators

Saidani

Kendall

Yannou

et al. 2019

J of Industrial Ecology

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In this study, material flow analysis (MFA) is applied to quantify and reduce the obstacles for advancing a circular economy (CE) of platinum (Pt) from catalytic converters (CC) in Europe. First, the value chain and related stakeholders are mapped out in an MFA‐like model to both facilitate the assessment of stocks and flows, and get a comprehensive view of potential action levers and resources to close‐the‐loop. Then, through the cross analysis of numerous data sources, two MFA are completed: (i) one general MFA, and (ii) one sector‐specific MFA, drawing a distinction between the fate of Pt from (a) light‐duty vehicles, under the European Union's End of Life Vehicle Directive 2000/EC/53, and (b) heavy‐duty and off‐road vehicles. Key findings reveal a leakage of around 15 tons of Pt outside the European market in 2017. Although approximately one quarter of the losses are due to in‐use dissipation, 65% are attributed to insufficient collection and unregulated exports. Comparing the environmental impact between primary and secondary production, it has been estimated that halving the leakage of Pt during usage and collection could prevent the energetic consumption of 1.3 × 103 TJ and the greenhouse gases emission of 2.5 × 102 kt CO2 eq. Through the lens of circularity indicators, activating appropriate action levers to enhance the CE performance of Pt in Europe is of utmost importance in order to secure future production of new generations of CC and fuel cells. Moreover, the growing stockpile of Pt from CC in use indicates the need for better collection mechanisms. Also, the CC attrition during use and associated Pt emissions in the environment appears non‐negligible. Based on the scarce and dated publications in this regard, we encourage further research for a sound understanding of this phenomenon that can negatively impact human health.

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“…Data sources and references Average values based on Bossi and Gediga (2017), EASAC (2016, November), Montmasson-Clair (2016, June), Cairncross (2014, March), Glaister and Mudd (2010).…”

Section: Environmental and Economic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Average values based on Bossi and Gediga (2017), EASAC (2016, November), Glaister and Mudd (2010), IPA (2016), JM (2017.…”

Section: Environmental and Economic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closing the loop on platinum from catalytic converters: Contributions from material flow analysis and circularity indicators

Saidani

Kendall

Yannou

et al. 2019

J of Industrial Ecology

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“…Therefore, PEMFC catalyst production based on secondary resource or recycling is highly attractive; moreover, secondary production has various advantageous over primary production, due to the significantly reduced energy consumption and environmental impact. [11] Laforest et al (2016). [12] carried out a comprehensive environmental assessment on the life-cycle of a PEMFC membrane electrode assembly (MEA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Platinum Recycling through Electrochemical Dissolution of Platinum Nanoparticles from Fuel Cell Electrodes

et al. 2019

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Recycling of the platinum group metals (PGMs) containing industrial wastes obtained from proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), electrolyzers, catalytic convertors and others is of high strategical importance for industrial sustainability. In this work, a highly efficient and environmentally friendly platinum recycling method through potentiodynamic cycling in dilute acidic chloride solutions is demonstrated and optimized to recover platinum from fuel cell electrodes. The process parameters such as upper and lower potential limits are optimized to be 1.6 and 0.4 V vs. RHE. Both the dilute acidic and the acid free Cl− containing electrolytes may be used for the dissolution. Moreover, parameters such as protocol reliability, quantification method and comparison, electrode interface structure, dissolution product and mechanisms etc. are discussed. A study in 1 M HCl shows Pt dissolution rates as high as ∼30 μg/cycle for potential cycling between 0.4 and 1.6 V (scan rate: 100 mV/s) for a PEMFC electrode with initial Pt loading of ∼470 μg. The approach demonstrates a methodology for fast parameter screening on electrocatalyst dissolution and a proof of concept industrial recycling of spent electrocatalysts.

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“…The electrical conductivity and durability of these metals are exploited in electronic applications for the production of multi-layer ceramic (chip) capacitors, and plating connectors and lead frames. Components inside computers and mobile phones are linked by connectors plated with a conductive layer of precious metal [1]. The production of PC computers, mobile phones and entertainment devices generates electronic waste (e-waste) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Platinum and Palladium from Wastewater by Means of Biosorption on Fungi Aspergillus sp. and Yeast Saccharomyces sp.

Godlewska‐Żyłkiewicz

Sawicka

Karpińska

2019

Water

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The emission of platinum group metals from different sources has caused elevated concentrations of platinum and palladium in samples of airborne particulate matter, soil, surface waters and sewage sludge. The ability of biomass of Aspergillus sp. and yeast Saccharomyces sp. for removal of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) from environmental samples was studied in this work. The pH of the solution, the mass of biosorbent, and contact time were optimized. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and kinetic results were used for interpretation of the process equilibrium of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) on both microorganisms. The maximal efficiency of retention of Pt(IV) on yeast and fungi was obtained at acidic solutions (pH 2.0 for Pt(IV) and pH 2.5–3.5 for Pd(II)). The equilibrium of the biosorption process was attained within 45 min. The best interpretation for the experimental data was given by the Langmuir isotherm. Kinetics of the Pt and Pd adsorption process suit well the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Fungi Aspergillus sp. shows higher adsorption capacity for both metals than yeast Saccharomyces sp. The maximum adsorption capacity of fungi was 5.49 mg g−1 for Pt(IV) and 4.28 mg g−1 for Pd(II). The fungi possess the ability for efficient removal of studied ions from different wastewater samples (sewage and road run-off water). It was also demonstrated, that quantitative recovery of Pd from industrial wastes could be obtained by biosorption using Aspergillus sp.

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The Environmental Profile of Platinum Group Metals

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Closing the loop on platinum from catalytic converters: Contributions from material flow analysis and circularity indicators

Closing the loop on platinum from catalytic converters: Contributions from material flow analysis and circularity indicators

Sustainable Platinum Recycling through Electrochemical Dissolution of Platinum Nanoparticles from Fuel Cell Electrodes

Removal of Platinum and Palladium from Wastewater by Means of Biosorption on Fungi Aspergillus sp. and Yeast Saccharomyces sp.

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