The environmental occurrence of hexabromocyclododecane in Sweden

Remberger, Mikael; Sternbeck, John; Palm, Anna; Kaj, Lennart; Strömberg, Katarina; Brorström-Lundén, Eva

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00758-6

Cited by 227 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Most of the target OCPs levels in the Shergyla Mountain were about 10 times lower than those in urban areas of Lhasa and in the Bolivian Andes Mountains (Estellano et al, 2008), about 10e 100 times lower than those in Beijing , and 100e 1000 times lower than those in India . The levels of PCBs, PBDEs and HBCDs were comparable to the observations from other background and remote areas in the worldwide (Baek et al, 2011;Eleni et al, 2009;Remberger et al, 2004;Su et al, 2007).…”

Section: Potential Sources Of Popssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Investigations on the atmospheric concentrations of HBCDs in remote environments are very scarce. The only available researches for background levels of HBCDs originated from Europe and the United States and used active air samplers to measure HBCDs air concentrations for repeated short-periods (Hoh and Hites, 2005;Remberger et al, 2004). To our knowledge, this was the first work to provide the background levels of HBCDs in the high mountain areas of the Asia region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental fate and behavior of persistent organic pollutants in Shergyla Mountain, southeast of the Tibetan Plateau of China

Zhu

Schramm

Wang

et al. 2014

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tPristine mountains are ideal settings to study transport and behavior of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) along gradients of climate and land cover. The present work investigated the concentrations and patterns of 28 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), 25 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), 13 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and 3 hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDs) isomers in the air of the Shergyla Mountain, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Endosulfan _, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexanes and dichlorodibenzotrichloroethane and its degradation products (DDTs) were the predominant compounds while PBDEs and HBCDs showed the lowest background concentrations. Most of the target POPs had significantly higher concentrations in summer than those in winter. Increasing trends of the concentrations of DDTs and endosulfan were found with increasing altitude on the western slope in the Shergyla Mountain. Potential forest filter effect was observed based on the lower air concentrations of the target POPs in the forest than the ones out of the forest.

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Section: Potential Sources Of Popssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental fate and behavior of persistent organic pollutants in Shergyla Mountain, southeast of the Tibetan Plateau of China

Zhu

Schramm

Wang

et al. 2014

Environmental Pollution

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“…The levels in the aquatic species were slightly lower than those in the marine species near known point sources in the Netherlands (9-1110 ng g À1 lw) 30 and the freshwater species near the textile industry in Sweden (downstream industrial effluents 970-1800 ng g À1 dw). 18 However, they were at the same level as in other freshwater fish, e.g., in crucian carp in South China (21-378 ng g À1 lw) 29 and in fish from English lakes (14-290 ng g À1 lw). 23 P HBCD concentrations varied significantly in the different aquatic species and tissues.…”

Section: Hbcd In Aquatic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Levels and distribution of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in environmental samples near manufacturing facilities in Laizhou Bay area, East China

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2012

J. Environ. Monit.

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A total of 55 samples including soil, sediment, plants (cypress, reed and seepweed) and aquatic species were collected at locations around hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) manufacturing facilities in Laizhou Bay area, East China. HBCD was determined at concentrations ranging between 0.88 and 6901 ng g À1 dry weight (dw), 2.93-1029 ng g À1 dw, 8.88-160 241 ng g À1 dw, and 7.09-815 ng g À1 lipid weight (lw), respectively. Significant negative correlations (r 2 ¼ 0.54, p ¼ 0.006) were observed between HBCD concentrations in soils and the distance from the manufacturing facility, and the concentrations became constant when the distance was >4 km. The calculation results on the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) suggested that HBCD may be accumulated in plants. Tissue-specific bioaccumulation of HBCD diastereoisomers was found in aquatic species. For example, in crabs the highest concentrations of HBCD (815 ng g À1 lw for female and 446 ng g À1 lw for male) were observed in the gill. Besides the gill, a-HBCD was more preferentially accumulated in the spermary and ovary, while b-and g-HBCD were more accumulated in the muscle. A similar distribution was also observed in roe and muscle of goby fish.

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“…The potential sources of HBCD transport into the environment have been discussed [6,7]. HBCD has the ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify [8][9][10], is persistent in the environment, and is spread over large distances far from the initial source of its use [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This compound has been found in many biotic and abiotic environmental compartments [1,11,[14][15][16][17][18] and in humans [13,19,20]. Relatively high levels of HBCD in fish tissues have been reported in many studies [7-9, 14, 21-25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of hexabromocyclododecane isomers in the tissue of selected commonly consumed fish in Central European countries

Kuc¹,

Grochowalski²,

Mach

et al. 2014

Acta Chromatographica

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Summary. This paper is focused on the determination of three hexabromocyclododecane isomers, α, β, and γ, in the tissue of the most commonly consumed marine and farmed fish in Central Europe. The analytical procedure contains multiple steps: extraction, dialysis using semipermeable membranes, and a clean-up step using a silica gel column. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) isomers were determined by sensitive isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method which is characterized by a low limit of detection (1 pg g −1 fresh weight). The recovery values obtained for individual isomers were in the range of 89-124%. The γ-HBCD isomer was detected in all samples. This isomer also had the largest percentage in comparison with the other isomers, except in salmon, in which the α-HBCD isomer was more abundant. The highest level of total HBCD was measured in mackerel (650 ± 195 pg g −1 fresh weight). Cluster analysis allowed the differentiation of groups of objects and the display of objects based on the degree of integration within the same group. Spearman's rank correlation indicated no statistically significant difference between the levels of HBCD and the fat content in the fish samples.

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The environmental occurrence of hexabromocyclododecane in Sweden

Cited by 227 publications

References 8 publications

Environmental fate and behavior of persistent organic pollutants in Shergyla Mountain, southeast of the Tibetan Plateau of China

Environmental fate and behavior of persistent organic pollutants in Shergyla Mountain, southeast of the Tibetan Plateau of China

Levels and distribution of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in environmental samples near manufacturing facilities in Laizhou Bay area, East China

Level of hexabromocyclododecane isomers in the tissue of selected commonly consumed fish in Central European countries

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