The environmental drivers influencing spatio-temporal dynamics of oak defoliation and mortality in dehesas of Southern Spain

Sánchez‐Cuesta, Rafael; Ruíz-Gómez, Francisco J.; Duque-Lazo, Joaquín; González‐Moreno, Pablo; Navarro-Cerrillo, Rafael M.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2021.118946

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…This symptom is often influenced by many biotic and abiotic factors, including root rot. Agreeing with our results, previous works analyzing defoliation and holm oak decline at different scales showed the lack of relationships between the presence of P. cinnamomi in soils and the defoliation levels of trees [12,74,75]. Our results show a higher average of MGI in Trichoderma isolates from trees with high defoliation.…”

Section: Tree Health Status and Soil Microbial Communitysupporting

confidence: 85%

Antagonistic Potential of Native Trichoderma spp. against Phytophthora cinnamomi in the Control of Holm Oak Decline in Dehesas Ecosystems

Ruíz-Gómez

Miguel-Rojas

2021

Forests

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Phytophthora root rot caused by the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the main causes of oak mortality in Mediterranean open woodlands, the so-called dehesas. Disease control is challenging; therefore, new alternative measures are needed. This study focused on searching for natural biocontrol agents with the aim of developing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies in dehesas as a part of adaptive forest management (AFM) strategies. Native Trichoderma spp. were selectively isolated from healthy trees growing in damaged areas by P. cinnamomi root rot, using Rose Bengal selective medium. All Trichoderma (n = 95) isolates were evaluated against P. cinnamomi by mycelial growth inhibition (MGI). Forty-three isolates presented an MGI higher than 60%. Twenty-one isolates belonging to the highest categories of MGI were molecularly identified as T. gamsii, T. viridarium, T. hamatum, T. olivascens, T. virens, T. paraviridescens, T. linzhiense, T. hirsutum, T. samuelsii, and T. harzianum. Amongst the identified strains, 10 outstanding Trichoderma isolates were tested for mycoparasitism, showing values on a scale ranging from 3 to 4. As far as we know, this is the first report referring to the antagonistic activity of native Trichoderma spp. over P. cinnamomi strains cohabiting in the same infected dehesas. The analysis of the tree health status and MGI suggest that the presence of Trichoderma spp. might diminish or even avoid the development of P. cinnamomi, protecting trees from the worst effects of P. cinnamomi root rot.

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Section: Tree Health Status and Soil Microbial Communitysupporting

confidence: 85%

Antagonistic Potential of Native Trichoderma spp. against Phytophthora cinnamomi in the Control of Holm Oak Decline in Dehesas Ecosystems

Ruíz-Gómez

Miguel-Rojas

2021

Forests

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“…(Barbero et al, 1992), given its ability to cope with drought and heat stress by means of stomatal regulation and photoprotective mechanisms (Alonso-Forn et al, 2021). However, acute signs of holm oak decline have been detected across de Iberian Peninsula, including growth reduction (Corcuera et al, 2004; Gea-Izquierdo et al, 2011; Hereş et al, 2018), partial crown defoliation (Carnicer et al, 2011; FOREST, 2020), branch dieback, and tree death (Lloret et al, 2004; Sánchez-Cuesta et al, 2021). In fact, Europe-wide defoliation surveys have identified evergreen oaks as the species group with the highest increase in defoliation over the last 20 years (Michel et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topography modulates climate sensitivity of multidecadal trends of holm oak decline

López‐Ballesteros

Rodríguez‐Caballero

Moreno

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Forest decline events have increased worldwide over the last decades, being holm oak one of the tree species with the most worrying trends across Europe. Previous research identified drought and soil pathogens as the main causes behind holm oak decline. However, despite tree health loss is a multifactorial phenomenon where abiotic and biotic factors interact in time and space, there are some abiotic factors whose influence has been commonly overlooked. Here, we evaluate how land use (forests versus savannas), topography, and climate extremes jointly relate to spatiotemporal patterns of holm oak defoliation over almost three decades (1987-2014) in Spain, where holm oak represents the 25% of the national forested area. We found an increasing defoliation trend in 119 of the total 134 holm oak plots evaluated, being this increase rate significantly higher in forests compared to savannas. Moreover, we have detected that the interaction between topography and summer drought can explain trends of holm oak decline across the Mediterranean region. While a higher occurrence of dry summers increases defoliation trends in complex terrains where forests dominate, an inverse relationship was found at flatter terrains where savannas are located. Our results contribute to growing evidence of the influence of local topography, tightly linked to potential soil water availability, on forest functioning, as it can shape forest vulnerability against climate extremes. The present work could assist the identification of potential tree decline hotspots over the Mediterranean region. Moreover, our findings suggest that forest adaptive management will be key to guarantee the health and future stability of Mediterranean oak ecosystems, especially in the topographically more complex areas where tree vulnerability to climate extremes may be greater.

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“…Defoliation is the subject of much research (Rua et al, 2020;Song et al, 2020;Donovan et al, 2021;Sánchez-Cuesta et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2021). In maize with increasing defoliation at the ear initiation stage, the grain yield decreases (Iledun & Rufus, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-purpose production of forage and seeds in maize by detopping and defoliation

Heidari

Amiriani

2022

Agron. Colomb.

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Maize is one of the most productive crops whose seeds are used in the poultry sector as one of the main ingredients in their diet. It is also important forage for ruminants as silage. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of defoliation and detopping on dual-purpose maize production in field (Kermanshah, Iran, Mediterranean climate conditions) and laboratory experiments. The study included a control (intact plant), removal of leaves at the top of the ear, removal of leaves under the ear, removal of all leaves, detopping stem removal at the top of the ear, and detopping including removal of leaves under the ear. In the laboratory experiment, germination traits were assessed in seeds obtained from the mother plants in the field experiment. The field and laboratory experiments were conducted with a randomized complete block design and completely randomized design. The data were analyzed using a general linear model. The removal of leaves under the ear produced an increased seed number per row compared to the removal of leaves at the top of the ear. Intact plants (control) and the plants defoliated under the ear had a higher 100-seed weight than other treatments. There was no difference between detopping and control plants in seed yield. Removal of leaves under the ear of mother plants produced a lower seed germination percentage (83%), radicle length (11.3 cm), and seed vigor than in other treatments. The results show that maize can be cultivated as a dual-purpose crop for forage and seed production.

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The environmental drivers influencing spatio-temporal dynamics of oak defoliation and mortality in dehesas of Southern Spain

Cited by 25 publications

References 82 publications

Antagonistic Potential of Native Trichoderma spp. against Phytophthora cinnamomi in the Control of Holm Oak Decline in Dehesas Ecosystems

Antagonistic Potential of Native Trichoderma spp. against Phytophthora cinnamomi in the Control of Holm Oak Decline in Dehesas Ecosystems

Topography modulates climate sensitivity of multidecadal trends of holm oak decline

Dual-purpose production of forage and seeds in maize by detopping and defoliation

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