The Environmental and Genetic Control of Seasonal Polyphenism in Larval Color and Its Adaptive Significance in a Swallowtail Butterfly

Hazel, Wade N.

doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[0342:teagco]2.0.co;2

Cited by 46 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This type of phenotypic plasticity, called seasonal polyphenism, is common among short-lived organisms like insects and other arthropods, and is particularly well 57 documented in butterflies and moths (reviewed in Shapiro 1976;Tauber et al 1986;Brakefield 1996;Brakefield and Frankino 2009). For example, different seasonal generations of lepidopterans may differ in morphometrics (Kimura and Masaki 1977;60 Greene 1989;Brakefield and Larsen 1984;Fric and Konvička 2002;Van Dyck and Wiklund 2002), colour and patterning (Shapiro 1976;Jones 1992;Windig et al1994;Hazel et al 1998;Hazel 2002), body size (references below), growth rate and duration of 63 the larval period (e.g. Wiklund et al 1991), longevity (Karlsson and Wickman 1989;Brakefield and Frankino 2009) and reproductive traits (Karlsson and Johansson 2008;Larsdotter Mellström et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing between anticipatory and responsive plasticity in a seasonally polyphenic butterfly

et al. 2012

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Seasonal generations of short-lived organisms often differ in their morphological, behavioural and life history traits, including body size. These differences may be either due to immediate effects of seasonally variable environment on organisms (responsive plasticity) or rely on presumably adaptive responses of organisms to cues signalizing forthcoming seasonal changes (anticipatory plasticity). When directly developing individuals of insects are larger than their overwintering conspecifics, the betweengeneration differences are typically ascribed to responsive plasticity in larval growth. We tested this hypothesis using the papilionid butterly Iphiclides podalirius as a model species. In laboratory experiments, we demonstrated that seasonal differences in food quality could not explain the observed size difference. Similarly, the size differences are not likely to be explained by the immediate effects of ambient temperature and photoperiod on larval growth. The qualitative pattern of natural size differences between the directly developing and diapausing butterflies could be reproduced in the laboratory as a response to photoperiod, indicating anticipatory character of the response. Directly developing and diapausing individuals followed an identical growth trajectory until the end of the last larval instar, with size differences appearing just a few days before pupation. Taken together, various lines of evidence suggest that between-generation size differences in I. podalirius are not caused by immediate effects of environmental factors on larval growth. Instead, these differences rather represent anticipatory plasticity and are thus likely to have an adaptive explanation. It remains currently unclear, whether the seasonal differences in adult size per se are adaptive, or if they constitute co-product of processes related to the diapause. Our study shows that it may be feasible to distinguish between different types of plasticity on the basis of empirical data even if fitness cannot be directly measured, and contributes to the emerging view about the predominantly adaptive nature of seasonal polyphenisms in insects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing between anticipatory and responsive plasticity in a seasonally polyphenic butterfly

et al. 2012

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“…foraging, mating patterns ;Larsson 1989;Heinrich 1993;Seymour et al 2003). Temperature has been shown to directly affect various components of fitness including viability, survival, fecundity and fertility (RodriguezSaona & Miller 1999;Forsman 2001;Hazel 2002;Fischer et al 2003;Stillwell & Fox 2005). As a consequence, many ectothermic species have evolved specific behaviours to facilitate thermoregulation (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual selection mediated by the thermoregulatory effects of male colour pattern in the ambush bugPhymata americana

2007

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Sexual dimorphism in coloration is a taxonomically widespread phenomenon often attributed to sexual selection on visual signals. However, the ambush bug Phymata americana exhibits sexual dimorphism in coloration that has no apparent signalling function. Here we provide evidence that colour pattern in this species influences male mating success indirectly through its effect on thermoregulation. We demonstrate, using experimental manipulation, that individuals with dark colour pattern achieve higher thoracic temperatures under illumination. We also show that dark colour pattern predicted mate-searching success but only under thermally challenging conditions (i.e. cool ambient temperature). As far as we are aware, this is the first study to provide evidence that sexual dimorphism can be accounted for by sexual selection on thermoregulatory performance.

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“…Color polymorphisms have been of long-standing interest in evolutionary biology due to their visual accessibility and their utility as a trait amenable to genetic dissection (Dobzhansky 1937;Cain and Sheppard 1954;Kettlewell 1955;Gunnarsson 1985;King 1988;Reillo and Wise 1988;Gillespie and Tabashnik 1990;Brodie 1992;Andres et al 2000;Hazel 2002). The popularity of these studies came in conjunction with controversies over whether or not this variation is the result of natural selection, i.e., whether or not color polymorphisms are adaptive (Cott 1940;Hooper 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Abdominal Pigmentation Variation in Drosophila Polymorpha: Geographic Variation in the Trait, and Underlying Phylogeography

Brisson

Toni

Duncan

et al. 2005

Evol

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The Environmental and Genetic Control of Seasonal Polyphenism in Larval Color and Its Adaptive Significance in a Swallowtail Butterfly

Cited by 46 publications

References 26 publications

Distinguishing between anticipatory and responsive plasticity in a seasonally polyphenic butterfly

Distinguishing between anticipatory and responsive plasticity in a seasonally polyphenic butterfly

Sexual selection mediated by the thermoregulatory effects of male colour pattern in the ambush bugPhymata americana

Abdominal Pigmentation Variation in Drosophila Polymorpha: Geographic Variation in the Trait, and Underlying Phylogeography

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