The Environmental and Bitter Taste Endophenotype Determinants of Picky Eating in Australian School-Aged Children 7–12 years—A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study Protocol

Jani, Rati; Byrne, Rebecca; Love, Patrick; Agarwal, Cathy; Peng, Fanke; Yew, Yang Wai; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.; Naumovski, Nenad

doi:10.3390/ijerph17051573

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…Then, the participants were asked to identify the taste intensity of each "magic" solution by marking a cross (X) on a paper reporting the LMS. Lastly, the participants rated their preference towards each solution using a 5-point Likert scale [39]. Between each solution at approximately 2 min of interval, the participants were advised to rinse their mouth and have a plain cracker (Meiji ® , Meiji Seika, Singapore) to minimize taste fatigue.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PROP solution is reported to be a safe solution that is valid and suitable to be used in sensory evaluation studies with children [32]. The bitterness concentration was adopted from Jani et al protocol (2020) investigating bitter taste sensitivity in Australian children aged 7 to 12 years [39]. The sweetness stimulus consisted of six water solutions of sucrose (sucrose concentrations: 0.263, 0.646, 2.375, 7.128, 21.385, 48.613 mmol/L).…”

Section: Taste Sensitivity and Preference Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taste Sensitivity and Taste Preference among Malay Children Aged 7 to 12 Years in Kuala Lumpur—A Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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The taste and food preferences in children can affect their food intake and body weight. Bitter and sweet taste sensitivities were identified as primary taste contributors to children’s preference for consuming various foods. This pilot study aimed to determine the taste sensitivity and preference for bitter and sweet tastes in a sample of Malaysian children. A case–control study was conducted among 15 pairs of Malay children aged 7 to 12 years. Seven solutions at different concentrations of 6-n-propylthiouracil and sucrose were prepared for testing bitterness and sweet sensitivity, respectively. The intensity of both bitter and sweet sensitivity was measured using a 100 mm Labelled Magnitude Scale (LMS), while the taste preference was rated using a 5-point Likert scale. The participants were better at identifying bitter than sweet taste (median score 6/7 vs. 4/7). No significant differences were detected for both tastes between normal-weight and overweight groups [bitter: 350 vs. 413, p = 0.273; sweet: 154 vs. 263, p = 0.068], as well as in Likert readings (bitter 9 vs. 8: p = 0.490; sweet 22 vs. 22: p = 0.677). In this sample of Malay children, the participants were more sensitive to bitterness than sweetness, yet presented similar taste sensitivity and preference irrespective of their weight status. Future studies using whole food samples are warranted to better characterize potential taste sensitivity and preference in children.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Taste Sensitivity and Preference Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste Sensitivity and Taste Preference among Malay Children Aged 7 to 12 Years in Kuala Lumpur—A Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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“…Panellists were required to complete a bitter taste endophenotype test using a series (n = 7) of known concentrations of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) solutions (0.017-3.20 mmol/L). The bitterness sensation of each solution was ranked by panellists using a validated and labelled magnitude scale [28]. The panellists responses were classified based on the intensity/concentration categories as follows: super tasters (limit: 0.017-0.056 mmol/L), medium taster (limit: 0.180-0.560 mmol/L), and non-taster (limit: 1.80-3.20 mmol/L) [28].…”

Section: Bitter Taste Endophenotype (6-n-propylthiouracil Test)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bitterness sensation of each solution was ranked by panellists using a validated and labelled magnitude scale [28]. The panellists responses were classified based on the intensity/concentration categories as follows: super tasters (limit: 0.017-0.056 mmol/L), medium taster (limit: 0.180-0.560 mmol/L), and non-taster (limit: 1.80-3.20 mmol/L) [28].…”

Section: Bitter Taste Endophenotype (6-n-propylthiouracil Test)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory and Compositional Properties Affecting the Likeability of Commercially Available Australian Honeys

Hunter

Kellett

Toohey

et al. 2021

Foods

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Honey’s composition and appearance is largely influenced by floral and geographic origins. Australian honeys are frequently sourced from supermarkets; however, properties associated with consumer preference and likeability remain relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to complete sensory and compositional analyses on a selection of commercially available Australian honeys. Samples (n = 32) were analysed for visual, olfactory and taste characteristics, with overall likeability assessed by the trained sensory panel (n = 24; M = 12). Compositional analysis included colour intensity (mAU); phenolic content; antioxidant characteristics (DPPH, CUPRAC); and physicochemical properties (pH, viscosity, total soluble solids). There were 23 honey samples that were significantly less liked when compared to the most liked honey (p < 0.05). The likeability of honey was positively associated with perceived sweetness (p < 0.01), and it was negatively associated with crystallisation; odour intensity; waxy, chemical, and fermented smell; mouthfeel; aftertaste; sourness; bitterness and pH (All p’s < 0.05). The price (AUD/100 g) was not associated with likeability (p = 0.143), suggesting price value potentially does not influence consumer preferences. Conclusively, differences in likeability between the honey samples demonstrate that consumer perception of sampled honeys is diverse. Honey preference is primarily driven by the organoleptic properties, particularly perceived negative tastes, rather than their antioxidant capacity or phenolic content.

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“…Sample size data will be collected from approximately 25-30 adult participants with T1DM. This sample size is based on previous research [54] and has been deemed as sufficient to facilitate in-depth face-to-face interviews [55]. This phase will include 2 subphases: 2a and 2b.…”

Section: Study Phase 1: Online Australian Diabetes-specific Qol Questionnaire Development and Pilotingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between a Low Carbohydrate Diet, Quality of Life, and Glycemic Control in Australian Adults Living With Type 1 Diabetes: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Pilot Study

Paul¹,

Jani²,

Davoren³

et al. 2021

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background Globally, the prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is rising. In 2020, a total of 124,652 Australians had T1DM. Maintaining optimal glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c ≤7.0%, ≤53 mmol/mol) on a standard carbohydrate diet can be a challenge for people living with T1DM. The Diabetes Complications and Control Trial established that macrovascular and microvascular complications could be reduced by improving glycemic control. Recent studies have found that a very low or low carbohydrate diet can improve glycemic control. However, the overall evidence relating to an association between a very low or low carbohydrate diet and glycemic control in people living with T1DM is both limited and mixed. In addition, research has suggested that a reduced quality of life due to anxiety and depression adversely influences glycemic control. Despite a potential link between a very low or low carbohydrate diet and optimal glycemic control, to our knowledge, no research has examined an association between a low carbohydrate diet, quality of life, and glycemic control, making this study unique in its approach. Objective The study aims to develop a validated diabetes-specific quality of life questionnaire for use in Australian adults with T1DM and to determine if an association exists between a low carbohydrate diet, quality of life, and glycemic control in Australian adults living with T1DM. Methods This cross-sectional study will be conducted in a tertiary hospital outpatient setting and will consist of 3 phases: phase 1, online Australian diabetes-specific quality of life questionnaire development and piloting (25-30 adults with T1DM); phase 2, questionnaire validation (364 adults with T1DM); and phase 3, a 12-week dietary intervention to determine if an association exists between a low carbohydrate diet, quality of life, and glycemic control in adults with T1DM (16-23 adults with T1DM). The validation of the study-developed Australian diabetes-specific quality of life questionnaire, and changes in hemoglobin A1c and quality of life in adults with T1DM while undertaking a low carbohydrate diet over 12 weeks will be the primary outcomes of this study. Results Phase 1 of the study is currently open for recruitment and has recruited 12 participants to date. It is anticipated that the first results will be submitted for publication in November 2021. Presently, no results are available. Conclusions This study is the first of its kind in that it will be the first to generate a new validated instrument, which could be used in evidence-based practice and research to understand the quality of life of Australian adults with T1DM. Second, the low carbohydrate dietary intervention outcomes could be used to inform clinicians about an alternative approach to assist T1DM adults in improving their quality of life and glycemic control. Finally, this study could warrant the development of an evidence-based low carbohydrate dietary guideline for adults living with T1DM with the potential to have a profound impact on this population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04213300; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04213300 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/25085

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The Environmental and Bitter Taste Endophenotype Determinants of Picky Eating in Australian School-Aged Children 7–12 years—A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study Protocol

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Taste Sensitivity and Taste Preference among Malay Children Aged 7 to 12 Years in Kuala Lumpur—A Pilot Study

Taste Sensitivity and Taste Preference among Malay Children Aged 7 to 12 Years in Kuala Lumpur—A Pilot Study

Sensory and Compositional Properties Affecting the Likeability of Commercially Available Australian Honeys

Association Between a Low Carbohydrate Diet, Quality of Life, and Glycemic Control in Australian Adults Living With Type 1 Diabetes: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Pilot Study

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