The Enteric Immune Response to Shigella Antigens

Keren, David F.; McDonald, Roderick A.; Wassef, J S; Armstrong, Lori; Brown, J E

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-74529-4_23

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Shigella is the causative agent of Shigellosis, a bacterial diarrhea that develops in adults and is very dangerous in infants and children, and can lead to death if left untreated. The disease is endemic worldwide, affecting 163 million people worldwide each year (12,13). The findings of the present study shows that out of 321 stool (diarrhea) samples, 84 (26.17%) samples are positive for Shigella.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Antibiotic resistance pattern in Shigella species isolated from children with acute diarrhea in Tabriz city, Iran

Jafari-Sales

Shariat

2021

Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine

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Aim: Shigella is one of the leading causes of acute diarrhea in children worldwide. Antibiotic resistance in this bacterium has increased due to the indiscriminate use of common antibiotics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance in Shigella species isolated from children with acute diarrhea in Tabriz hospitals. Material and Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 321 samples suspected of Shigella were collected from children's diarrhea stool samples and identified using standard microbiological and biochemical tests. Antibiotic resistance was also determined using disk diffusion by the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: A total of 84 samples were positive for Shigella. Among them, S. flexneri species with 83.3% had the highest frequency and S. boydii with 13.1%, S. sonnei with 2.4% and S. dysanteriae with 1.2% had the lowest frequency. The highest resistance was related to the antibiotics cotrimoxazole (92.85%), tetracycline and ampicillin (67.86%) and the lowest resistance was related to imipenem antibiotics (2.38%) and ceftizoxime (9.52%). Conclusion:The present study showed that Shigella flexneri is the predominant species isolated from children with Shigellosis in hospitals in Tabriz city. Our results also indicate an increase in resistance to common antibiotics. Therefore, it is recommended that antimicrobial susceptibility testing be performed in the study area prior to antibiotic administration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Antibiotic resistance pattern in Shigella species isolated from children with acute diarrhea in Tabriz city, Iran

Jafari-Sales

Shariat

2021

Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine

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“…The mucosal lymphocytes, after local antigenic stimulation, migrate to the regional lymph nodes and home to submucosal sites, where they differentiate into plasma cells that secrete dimeric immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies. With the aid of the secretory component, these IgA antibodies, as secretory IgA (sIgA), are subsequently transported across epithelial cells to the lumen, where they constitute the major component of the mucosal immune response to oral antigens (17,18). To obtain oral vaccines to mucosal pathogens that generate long and lasting immune responses, it is crucial to understand the interaction of orally introduced pathogens with immune cells of the lymphoid tissues and epithelial cells (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human monocyte-derived macrophages infected with virulent Shigella flexneri in vitro undergo a rapid cytolytic event similar to oncosis but not apoptosis

et al. 1997

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Infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro with virulent Shigella flexneri resulted in cell death which involved rupture of the plasma membrane, cell swelling, disintegration of ultrastructure, and generalized karyolysis. These features bore resemblance to oncosis and are in striking contrast to previously described observations of mouse macrophages, where a similar infection by virulent Shigella resulted in cell death by apoptosis. Cell death by oncosis in human macrophages was confirmed by lactate dehydrogenase release, light microscopy, electron microscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase end labeling of DNA ends, DNA fragmentation assays, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of propidium-labeled nuclei. Thus, the phenomena of cell death induced by virulent Shigella in human and mouse macrophages reflect different biochemical pathways. Interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤) was released in culture supernatants of human macrophages infected with virulent bacteria. Inhibition with IL-1␤-converting enzyme inhibitors indicated, however, that this release occurred as a passive event of cell lysis. The patterns of intracellular survival of Shigella strains within human and mouse macrophages reflect differences that exist not only between Shigella serotypes but also between the two different macrophage cell types.

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“…These infections trigger the disease shigellosis, characterized by severe inflammatory dysentery, accompanied by watery, bloody diarrhea [1]. Upon ingestion, the bacteria travel throughout the intestinal tract to the colon, where they are phagocytosed by antigen sampling M-cells of the intestinal epithelium and then infect host macrophages and dendritic cells [2,3]. Once within their hosts, they initiate host cell death and are released to the surrounding environment to invade the basolateral surface of intestinal epithelial cells [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shigella flexneriutilize the spectrin cytoskeleton during invasion and comet tail generation

2012

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BackgroundThe spectrin cytoskeleton is emerging as an important host cell target of enteric bacterial pathogens. Recent studies have identified a crucial role for spectrin and its associated proteins during key pathogenic processes of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium infections. Here we investigate the involvement of spectrin cytoskeletal components during the pathogenesis of the invasive pathogen Shigella flexneri.ResultsImmunofluorescent microscopy reveals that protein 4.1 (p4.1), but not adducin or spectrin, is robustly recruited to sites of S. flexneri membrane ruffling during epithelial cell invasion. Through siRNA-mediated knockdowns, we identify an important role for spectrin and the associated proteins adducin and p4.1 during S. flexneri invasion. Following internalization, all three proteins are recruited to the internalized bacteria, however upon generation of actin-rich comet tails, we observed spectrin recruitment to those structures in the absence of adducin or p4.1.ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance of the spectrin cytoskeletal network during S. flexneri pathogenesis and further demonstrate that pathogenic events that were once thought to exclusively recruit the actin cytoskeletal system require additional cytoskeletal networks.

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The Enteric Immune Response to Shigella Antigens

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Antibiotic resistance pattern in Shigella species isolated from children with acute diarrhea in Tabriz city, Iran

Antibiotic resistance pattern in Shigella species isolated from children with acute diarrhea in Tabriz city, Iran

Human monocyte-derived macrophages infected with virulent Shigella flexneri in vitro undergo a rapid cytolytic event similar to oncosis but not apoptosis

Shigella flexneriutilize the spectrin cytoskeleton during invasion and comet tail generation

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