The enrichment and retention of ascorbic acid in rotifers fed microalgal diets

Brown, Malcolm R.; Skabo, Stuart; Wilkinson, Barbara

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.1998.00060.x

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is well established that the fatty acid composition of rotifers reflects the composition of their food [7,[14][15][16][17]. In addition, in wild zooplankton, vitamin C has been found to be derived from phytoplankton [18], and microalgae such as Chlorella and Nannochloropsis are good sources of vitamin C for rotifers [8,9]. The vitamin C contents of the tank rotifers at Miyazaki decreased markedly compared to the enriched ones although the contents of the tank rotifers at Kamiura and Kagoshima did not decrease significantly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, fish larvae feed on both the freshly enriched rotifers as well as the rotifers that have survived and fed on the microalgae in the larval-rearing tank. Although there are several reports dealing with the nutritional value of starved rotifers [1,2,4,[7][8][9] and algal-supplemented rotifers under laboratory stagnant conditions without fish larvae [1,2], the extent to which the nutritional value of the rotifers is maintained in the larval-rearing tank without water exchange remains to be ascertained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional evaluation of rotifers in rearing tanks without water exchange during seed production of amberjack Seriola dumerili

et al. 2009

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We evaluated the nutrient contents of rotifers sampled from larval-rearing tanks (tank rotifers) without water exchange during the seed production of amberjack Seriola dumerili at three facilities (Kamiura, Kagoshima, and Miyazaki) and compared them with the nutrient contents of freshly enriched rotifers. Compared to the enriched rotifers, the lipid contents, especially neutral lipids and proportion of 22:6n-3, tended to decrease in the tank rotifers. These trends were clearer at Miyazaki where the tank rotifers were sampled before daily supplementation of microalgae (Nannochloropsis). Crude protein content of the tank rotifers did not decrease markedly although the proportion of lysine tended to decrease. Vitamin C and E contents of the tank rotifers decreased significantly only at Miyazaki. Calcium content of the tank rotifers increased at Kamiura and Miyazaki, and the increases in iron and manganese contents of the tank rotifers at Miyazaki and zinc content at Kagoshima were pronounced. These results suggest that the nutritional value of rotifers in larval-rearing tanks without water exchange can be maintained by appropriate supplementation of microalgae. The effect of certain minerals that became high in tank rotifers on subsequent larval development requires further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional evaluation of rotifers in rearing tanks without water exchange during seed production of amberjack Seriola dumerili

et al. 2009

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“…Samples of rotifers were collected on a 63-µm mesh screen, washed with 0.5 M ammonium formate to remove residual sea water (12), transferred to vials, and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen before being transferred to a freezer at -80°C. A known number (30-50) of anesthetized striped trumpeter larvae were collected on a preweighed glass microfiber filter, washed with ammonium formate, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, and subsequently stored at -80°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of dietary n−3 long‐chain PUFA on body concentrations of 20∶5n−3, 22∶5n−3, and 22∶6n−3 in the larvae of a marine teleost fish from Australian waters, the striped trumpeter (Latris lineata)

Bransden

Dunstan

Battaglene

et al. 2004

Lipids

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We determined the effect of dietary long-chain (> or = C20) PUFA (LC-PUFA), 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, on larval striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) biochemistry through early development and during live feeding with rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis). Rotifers were enriched using seven experimental emulsions formulated with increasing concentrations of n-3 LC-PUFA, mainly 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Enriched rotifer n-3 LC-PUFA concentrations ranged from 10-30 mg/g dry matter. Enriched rotifers were fed to striped trumpeter larvae from 5 to 18 d post-hatch (dph) in a short-term experiment to minimize gross deficiency symptoms such as poor survival that could confound results. No relationships were observed between larval growth or survival with dietary n-3 LC-PUFA at 18 dph. The larval FA profiles generally reflected those of the rotifer diet, and significant positive regressions were observed between most dietary and larval FA at 10, 14, and 18 dph. The major exception observed was an inverse relationship between dietary and larval 22:5n-3. The presence of 22:5n-3 in elevated amounts when dietary 22:6n-3 was depressed suggests that elongation of 20:5n-3 may be occurring in an attempt to raise body concentrations of 22:6n-3. We hypothesize that accumulation of 22:5n-3 might be an early indicator of 22:6n-3 deficiency in larval fish that precedes a reduction in growth or survival. A possible role of 22:5n-3 as a biochemical surrogate for 22:6n-3 is discussed.

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“…Ascorbic acid (AsA) was analysed from freeze-dried samples (50-100 mg) by the method of Brown et al (1998). In brief, this required homogenising and extracting the samples with a 0.38 mol l -1 metaphosphoric acid / 1.33 mol l -1 acetic acid solution with conversion of the extracted AsA to a fluourescent derivative and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography.…”

Section: Analysis Of Samples For Dry Weight Proximate Composition Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical composition during growth and starvation of early larval stages of cultured spiny lobster (Jasus edwardsii) phyllosoma

Ritar

Dunstan

Crear

et al. 2003

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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We examined biochemical changes accompanying feeding and starvation from hatch to Stage VI (day 74 after hatch) in spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii, phyllosoma larvae. Larval dry weights (dw) increased 17-fold from hatch (80 ± 1 μg) to Stage VI (1415 ± 44 μg). Larvae starved for 6-11 days at Stages II, IV and VI were 14-40% lighter than their fed counterparts fed enriched Artemia. The increases and losses in total dw during feeding and starvation were associated with changes in the content of protein (constituting 31.4-41.7% of dw) and carbohydrate (constituting 2.6-5.3% of dw), while larger changes in lipid content indicated its greater importance as an energy substrate. Lipid content increased from 7.9% of dw at hatch to its highest of 12.5% at Stage IV, but declined by 50% or more during starvation. This suggests that protein, carbohydrate and lipid are all important energy stores, although lipids are catabolised at a greater rate during food deprivation. The principal lipid class was polar lipid (79-92% of total lipid), followed by sterol (6-20%), with triacylglycerol and other lipid classes at <2%. Polar lipids were catabolized and sterols were conserved during starvation. Changes in the fatty acid profile had mostly occurred before the first moult at day 8 after hatch, with gradual changes thereafter to Stage VI, reflecting their abundance in the Artemia diet. There was some conservation of the major essential fatty acids (EFA), 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3, and the fatty acid profile showed large gains in the C 18 PUFA, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6. Ascorbic acid content increased 10-fold from hatch to the end of Stage I (36 and 333 μg g -1 dw, respectively), while the content at the end of Stage II was higher in fed than starved larvae (439 and 174 μg g -1 dw, respectively). Our study will assist in the development of alternatives to nutritionally incomplete diets, such as live ongrown Artemia, to meet the requirements of phyllosoma in culture.

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The enrichment and retention of ascorbic acid in rotifers fed microalgal diets

Cited by 32 publications

References 16 publications

Nutritional evaluation of rotifers in rearing tanks without water exchange during seed production of amberjack Seriola dumerili

Nutritional evaluation of rotifers in rearing tanks without water exchange during seed production of amberjack Seriola dumerili

Influences of dietary n−3 long‐chain PUFA on body concentrations of 20∶5n−3, 22∶5n−3, and 22∶6n−3 in the larvae of a marine teleost fish from Australian waters, the striped trumpeter (Latris lineata)

Biochemical composition during growth and starvation of early larval stages of cultured spiny lobster (Jasus edwardsii) phyllosoma

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