The Enhancement of human embryonic stem cell osteogenic differentiation with nano-fibrous scaffolding

Abstract

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) hold great promise as a cell source for tissue engineering since they possess the ability to differentiate into any cell type within the body. However, much work must still be done to control the differentiation of the hESC to the desired lineage. In this study, we examined the effects of the nano-fibrous (NF) architecture in both two dimensional (2-D) poly(Llactic acid) (PLLA) thin matrices and 3-D PLLA scaffolds in vitro to assess their affect on the osteogenic differentiation of hESC in vitro compared to more traditional solid films and solid-walled (SW) scaffolds. In 2-D culture, hESC on NF thin matrices were found to express collagen type 1, Runx2, and osteocalcin mRNA of higher levels than the hESC on the solid films after 1 week of culture and increased mineralization was observed on the NF matrices compared to the solid films after 3 weeks of culture. After 6 weeks of 3-D culture, the hESC on the NF scaffolds expressed signifcantly more osteocalcin mRNA compared to these on the SW scaffolds. The data indicates that the NF architecture enhances the osteogenic differentiation of the hESC compared to more traditional scaffolding architecture.

Oriented, Multimeric Biointerfaces of the L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule: An Approach to Enhance Neuronal and Neural Stem Cell Functions on 2-D and 3-D Polymer Substrates

“…This suggests cooperative enhancement of L1 signaling on subcellular scales of substrate geometry, a phenomenon that deserves further mechanistic analysis. Scaffold topography has been shown to influence and enhance cellular responses, [65][66][67] as the 3-D architecture better emulates in vivo conditions compared to 2-D thin films.…”

Effects of L-lactic acid and D,L-lactic acid on viability and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

“…Setting the joint site as an example, this site exhibits less host responses to implant, because more body fluids and faster fluid exchange are helpful for removing the acidic degradation products effectively. In fact, many positive results of tissue repairing using PLA or PLGA porous scaffolds have been reported [27][28][29][30]48,49]. Our group has recently revealed that the body fluid exchanged faster than we initially supposed, even at the subcutaneous site, for a block copolymer hydrogel composed of PLGA-PEG-PLGA with initial pH 4 became neutral just ten hours after a subcutaneous injection into SD rats [50].…”

“…That is why polyesters have been studied for a long time [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. A lot of efforts have been done on improving the biocompatibility of the polyester porous scaffolds [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], and examinations of their medical applications [27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Surface Engineering to Control Embryonic Stem Cell Fate

“…Similarly, another study demonstrated that mouse ES cells can be induced to differentiate into specific neural lineages, that is, neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, when seeded onto electrospun fibrous scaffolds (Xie et al, 2009). In another study, the nanofibrous architecture of the substrate enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of human ES cells compared to a more traditional scaffolding architecture (Smith et al, 2010). Thus, surface engineering approaches that alter the topographical structure of the substrate surface can be used to modulate ES cell behavior and fate.…”