The Enhancement of Antiviral Activity of Chloroinconazide by Aglinate-based Nanogel and Its Plant Growth Promotion Effect

Abstract

Improving the efficiency and prolonging the duration of pesticides are of great significance in agricultural production. In this work, based on the antiviral compound chloroinconazide (CHI) synthesized previously, the improvement of the fabricated CHI-loaded alginate-based nanogel (CHI@ALGNP) was studied. It was found that CHI@ALGNP showed higher foliar adhesion than CHI and exhibited a sustained release for up to 7 days. CHI@ALGNP could also continuously activate the reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels and induce the increase of salicylic acid content and the expression of its responsive gene PR2 for a long time, thus achieving sustained resistance to tobacco mosaic virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Strikingly, CHI@ALGNP could release Ca2+ and Mg2+ to promote the growth of N. benthamiana. Taken together, for the first time, we have shown the improvement of a nanogel carrier to the antiviral activity and growth promotion of small molecular pesticides. As the alginate-based nanogel can be easily applied to the spray-based pesticide delivery technology, our study provides a new strategy for the development of new pesticide preparations and the application of multifunctional pesticides.

1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Plant Activators for Controlling Plant Viral Diseases: Preparation and Assessment of the Effect of Auxiliaries

“…In addition, the iCycleriQ multicolor real-time PCR detection system (Bio-Rad, CA, USA) with SYBR Premix Ex TaqII (TaKaRa) agents was further used to assess the relative expression level of the target gene. Finally, the actin gene served as the internal reference gene, and the relative changes in gene transcription levels were calculated by the 2 –△△CT method. , All primers of the RT-qPCR assay are listed in Table S1.…”

“…Correspondingly, protein samples were harvested by centrifugation (13,000 rcf) at 4 °C for 15 min. Finally, the protein was separated by 15% SDS-PAGE and western blotting (WB) analysis by using anti-GFP antibodies. ,, …”

Supramolecular assemblies based on natural small molecules: Union would be effective

“…Compared to synthetic substrates, natural hydrogels may be better suited to simulate the internal environment for 3D cell culture and organogenesis [ 155 , 156 ]. The antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral and many other biologic activities will be improved by self-assembly when manufacturing the corresponding natural biomaterials [ 45 , [157] , [158] , [159] ]. In other ways, the reversible and weak non-covalent interactions will make supramolecular materials highly responsive to stimuli such as pH, heat, light, ions, and electrical fields, causing a change of mechanical properties.…”

Recent Research Progress: Discovery of Anti-Plant Virus Agents Based on Natural Scaffold

“…Its inactivating, curative, and protective activities at 500 mg/L against TMV were 70.4, 71.5, and 64.2%, respectively ( Liu et al, 2014 ). Chloroinconazide can also activate reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels, induce an increase in salicylic acid content and the expression of its response gene PR2 ( Lv et al, 2021 ). Furthermore, it can attenuate the virulence of TMV by directly changing the morphological structure of the virion and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thereby reducing the production of TMV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) during plant infection ( Lv et al, 2020 ).…”