The enhancement and reduction of defensive fighting by naloxone pretreatment

Fanselow, Michael S.; Sigmundi, Ronald A.

doi:10.3758/bf03332956

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Another possibility is that burying in this situation may actually be a nest-maintenance response. Although this may seem to be an inappropriate postshock behavior, it may be an example of a displacement activity in response to the frustration produced by the continued presence of the prod; it could also be a schedule-induced, adjunctive response that occurs in the absence of a reinforcer (see Fanselow, Sigmundi, & Williams, 1987, for further discussion of this issue).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of conspecific stress odors and shock controllability on conditioned defensive burying

Williams

1987

Animal Learning & Behavior

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In Experiment 1, rats received a session of 80 inescapable tail shocks or no shocks while restrained in a tube. During tests of conditioned defensive burying 24 h later, the bedding of the chamber contained odors from either stressed or nonstressed conspecific donor rats. Following a single prod shock, subjects that had had prior shocks or that were tested with the stress odors spent significantly less time burying the prod, made smaller piles of bedding, and displayed more freezing behavior. The combination of prior shock and stress odors during later testing enhanced these effects. In Experiment 2, a yoked group of rats that was given inescapable shocks, in contrast to a group that had wheel-turn escape training and one that was restrained but not shocked, later showed significantly less burying and more freezing when tested for defensive burying with stress odors present. In both experiments the duration of burying and the heights of piles were positively correlated, and both of these measures were negatively correlated with freezing. The demonstrated capacity of unconditioned stress odors to mediate different degrees offear, depending upon the controllability of prior shock, is related to other studies of learned helplessness, and the predominance offreezing over burying is discussed in terms of various types of defensive strategies, stimulus-control processes, and the author's stress-coping-fear-defense (SCFD) theory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of conspecific stress odors and shock controllability on conditioned defensive burying

Williams

1987

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…Thus, naloxone enhances the acquisition (Fanselow, 1984;Fanselow & Bolles, 1979;Fanselow et al, 1980;Fanselow & Sigmundi, 1982;Lester & Fanselow, 1986;Young & Fanselow, 1992) and impairs the extinction of this fear, as indexed by freezing. This opposing role for opioid receptors in conditioning is notable for two reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This evidence includes demonstrations that increases in shock intensity and naloxone pretreatment have similar effects on conditioning (Young & Fanselow, 1992), postshock activity (Fanselow, 1984), and shock-elicited defensive fighting (Fanselow & Sigmundi, 1982;Fanselow, Sigmundi, & Bolles, 1980), as well as demonstrations that naloxone facilitates conditioning based on multiple CS-US pairings but not a single CS-US pairing (Young & Fanselow, 1992). Opioid modulation of aversive conditioning can be understood in terms of activation of antinociceptive mechanisms that modulate perceived intensity of the US.…”

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confidence: 99%

Opioid Receptors Regulate the Extinction of Pavlovian Fear Conditioning.

McNally

Westbrook

2003

Behavioral Neuroscience

102

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Rats received a single pairing of an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) with a footshock unconditioned stimulus (US). The fear (freezing) that had accrued to the CS was then extinguished. Injection of naloxone prior to this extinction significantly impaired the development of extinction. This impairment was mediated by opioid receptors in the brain and was not observed when naloxone was injected after extinction training. Finally, an injection of naloxone on test failed to reinstate extinguished responding that had already accrued to the CS. These experiments show that opioid receptors regulate the development, but not the expression, of fear extinction and are discussed with reference to the roles of opioid receptors in US processing, memory, and appetitive motivation.

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“…An analgesic reaction just prior to a predatory attack would serve temporarily to reduce the debilitating effects of injuries from the encounter by suppressing nociception. This would enhance the rat's ability to engage in defensive behavior when injured (Fanselow & Sigmundi, 1982;Fanselow, Sigmundi, & Bolles, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%