The engraftment dynamics evaluation of skin grafts via aluminium phthalocyanine nanoparticles using spectroscopic methods

Abstract

The research and comparison of spectroscopic methods for assessment of skin grafts engraftment/rejection after the back cross skin transplantation of laboratory mice were carried out. The spectral analysis was performed via inflammatory reaction evaluation of the studied area. The inflammatory reaction intensity correlates with the fluorescence intensity of the aluminum phthalocyanine nanoparticles. The photodynamic therapy was carried out to improve the skin engraftment and reduce the inflammatory reaction.

Theranostic Properties of Crystalline Aluminum Phthalocyanine Nanoparticles as a Photosensitizer

“…An urgent problem that will need to be solved in the near future is the modification of the hydrophobic surface of AlPc NPs to enable intravenous administration. However, this should not be an obstacle for their local administration for phototheranostics of inflammatory diseases, for example, in osteoarthritis [ 51 ] and assessment of tissue engraftment during transplantation [ 35 , 39 ]. The sensitivity of the fluorescence lifetime of AlPc NPs to the environment can make it possible to recognize macrophages of different phenotypes, as well as to photodynamically influence them.…”

“…We have previously discovered the effect of changes in the absorption and fluorescence spectra, the dynamics of interaction with laser radiation (photobleaching), and the fluorescence lifetime of self-aggregated AlPcCl nanoparticles upon changes in colloid pH, capture by immune cells (monocytes [ 35 ] and macrophages [ 36 ]), interaction with bacteria [ 37 , 38 ], and ingress of these particles into inflamed biological tissue [ 35 , 39 ]. We suggest that registration and characterization of changes in the spectral properties of AlPc NPs accumulated by malignant or tumor-associated cells can make it possible to assess the direction of the tumor process.…”

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: , Figure S1: (a) Measurement scheme for evaluating the photodynamic efficiency of PS; (b) absorption spectra of hemoglobin during the transition from oxy- to deoxygenated form [ 39 ]; (c) the dependence of hemoglobin oxygenation in the sample on the duration of laser exposure and the parameters of its approximation by an exponential function; (d) scheme of the experimental setup for determining the quantum yield of PS fluorescence in a sample [ 35 ]; Figure S2: XRD spectrum measured from AlPc microparticle powder. The particles are molecular crystals of the triclinic syngony of the P1 space group with the lattice parameters as shown; Figure S3: (a) XRD spectra of AlPc microparticles (powder) and AlPc NPs in saline, blood serum, RPMI nutrient medium, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and water; (b) XRD spectra of HeLa cells 1 and 24 h after incubation with AlPc NPs; (c) absorption spectra of AlPc NPs after incubation with HeLa for 1 and 24 h; Figure S4: Spectra of scattered laser radiation (left peak) and fluorescence (right peak) of HeLa cells with the AlPc photosensitizer in molecular scale and nanoform, as well as calculated values of the fluorescence quantum yield.…”