The English National Chlamydia Screening Programme: Variations in Positivity in 2007/2008

Simms, Ian; Talebi, Alireza; Rhia, Johanna; Horner, Patrick J; French, Rebecca; Randall, Sarah; Macintosh, M. C. M.

doi:10.1097/olq.0b013e3181a2aab9

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The differences in the age-related prevalence of chlamydial conjunctivitis by gender have also been observed in other studies (Stenberg & Mårdh, 1990;Postema et al, 1996;Quirke & Cullinane, 2008). Genital chlamydial infections show the same correlations, as some surveillance reports have found that the proportion of diagnosed chlamydial infections varied by gender across the age groups and C. trachomatis was detected more commonly among women than among men in the younger age groups (HPA, 2008;Simms et al, 2009). The disparity in the pattern of positivity between men and women by age may indicate the influence of certain sexual relationships on the transmission of the pathogen, as younger women tend to have older partners (Wadsworth et al, 1996;Johnson et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…1). An association between age and prevalence of infection has also been observed in other studies, indicating that younger age is a proven risk factor for genital C. trachomatis infection (HPA, 2008;Simms et al, 2009). The differences in the age-related prevalence of chlamydial conjunctivitis by gender have also been observed in other studies (Stenberg & Mårdh, 1990;Postema et al, 1996;Quirke & Cullinane, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

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Chlamydial conjunctivitis: prevalence and serovar distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis in adults

Petrovay

Németh

Balázs

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The extragenital manifestation of Chlamydia trachomatis infection frequently results in nonspecific conjunctivitis among sexually active adults. The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis, to describe the distribution of serovars among patients with conjunctivitis and to characterize the relationship between the prevalence and patient demographics such as age and gender. A total of 245 conjunctival specimens were screened for C. trachomatis DNA targeting the plasmid gene. Serovar determination of the C. trachomatis-positive specimens was carried out by an omp1 PCR-based RFLP analysis method. Statistical analysis was done using a generalized linear model. C. trachomatis was detected in 53 cases (21.6 %) of adult conjunctivitis. Molecular genotyping differentiated seven distinct urogenital serovars, the most prevalent being serovar E (16/53), followed by F (15/53), D (6/53), K (6/53), G (4/53), H (4/53) and J (2/53). Statistical analysis showed higher C. trachomatis prevalence in the younger age groups, and this peaked at younger age in women than in men. The high prevalence of this pathogen found in ocular samples should alert ophthalmologists to focus on the role of C. trachomatis in adult conjunctivitis. The serovar distribution indicated that ocular chlamydial infections usually have a genital source. Nevertheless, conjunctivitis might be the only sign of this sexually transmitted infection. Further comparative genotyping of C. trachomatis in ocular and genital specimens might give more detailed epidemiological information about the aetiology of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Chlamydial conjunctivitis: prevalence and serovar distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis in adults

Petrovay

Németh

Balázs

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Men in general are reported to have CT infections at an older age than women [28,29]. The reason could be that (younger) females tend to have sex with older males, as shown in previous studies [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescents: results from a representative population-based survey in Germany, 2003–2006

et al. 2013

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Infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) can lead to severe sequelae; however, they are not notifiable in Germany. We tested urine samples from participants of KiGGS (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents) for CT infections and linked the results to demographic and behavioural data from 1,925 participants (girls aged 15-17 years and boys aged 16-17 years) to determine a representative prevalence of CT infection in adolescents in Germany and to assess associated risk factors. Prevalence of CT infection was 2.2% (95% CI: 1.4-3.5) in girls and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1-0.7) in boys. CT infection in girls was associated with higher use of alcohol, marijuana and cigarettes, lower social status, oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, repeated lower abdominal pain and higher rates of doctors' consultations within the preceding three months and consultation of gynaecologists within the last 12 months. In multiple logistic regression, we identified two predictors for CT infection: marijuana consumption often or several times within the last 12 months (F(1,164)=7.56; p<0.05) and general health status less than 'very good' (F(1,164)=3.83; p=0.052). Given our findings, we recommend enhancing sex education before sexual debut and promoting safe sex practices regardless of the contraceptive method used. Well-informed consumption of alcohol should be promoted, the risky behaviour of people intoxicated through consumption of marijuana highlighted and doctors' awareness of CT screening enhanced.

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“…Instead, the NCSP was set up as an opportunistic programme offering testing and treatment to men and women under the age of 25 years in healthcare and non-healthcare based settings. The proportion of those testing positive through the programme has been higher than the prevalence observed in the general population7 8 and is likely to be influenced by factors associated with who is offered and who accepts chlamydia testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Who is being tested by the English National Chlamydia Screening Programme? A comparison with national probability survey data

Riha¹,

Mercer

Soldan³

et al. 2011

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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ObjectivesWe compare data collected by England's National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP) with national probability survey data to examine demographic and behavioural differences that may be important in understanding who the NCSP is reaching and interpreting chlamydia positivity.MethodsData for 538 119 men and women aged 16–24 years who were screened in 2008 and data collected from 2180 interviewees in Britain's second National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles 1999–2001 (Natsal-2), of whom 644 were tested for chlamydia, were compared using the χ2 statistic and logistic regression.ResultsCompared with Natsal-2, the NCSP tested more women (67% vs 49%). NCSP participants were more likely to be younger: 29% were 16–17 years versus 16% of men and 15% of women in Natsal-2; from ethnic minority groups: 17% of men and 14% of women versus 8% and 6%, respectively, in Natsal-2; not to have used condoms at last sex: 66% of men and 68% of women versus 48% and 63%, respectively, in Natsal-2: and more likely to report two or more partners in the last year: 62% of men and 47% of women versus 47% and 30%, respectively, in Natsal-2. In multivariate analyses, higher AOR of chlamydia positivity were found for those reporting non-use of condoms and for those reporting multiple partners in both the NCSP and Natsal-2.ConclusionsThe NCSP is testing young people at increased risk of chlamydia. The impact of this testing bias on the effectiveness of the programme should be evaluated.

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The English National Chlamydia Screening Programme: Variations in Positivity in 2007/2008

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Chlamydial conjunctivitis: prevalence and serovar distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis in adults

Chlamydial conjunctivitis: prevalence and serovar distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis in adults

Risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescents: results from a representative population-based survey in Germany, 2003–2006

Who is being tested by the English National Chlamydia Screening Programme? A comparison with national probability survey data

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