“…Over the years, the results of the studies differ according to material performances that improve over time. Ramsey and Preston (1990) focused on the Impact Attenuation performance of wood mulch, wood chip, sand, and gravel, and manufactured mats, asphalt, and concrete as playground surfacing. Lewis et al (1993) aim to evaluate playground surfaces with respect to impact attenuation and resulted that wood chips were the best alternative rather than sand, grass, gravel, and synthetic mats.…”