The English Channel: La Manche

Dauvin, Jean–Claude

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805068-2.00008-5

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…This area covers the coasts of two administrative regions: Hauts-de-France and Normandy (See Figure 1). The geographical location of the English Channel and its morphological, hydrological and biological characteristics create the conditions for an area rich in biodiversity and economic activities [23,24]. This area is significantly affected by HAB events with potentially important economic and social impacts [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the Governance of Harmful Algal Bloom Impacts: A Case Study of the Scallop Fishery in the Eastern French Coasts of the English Channel

Agúndez

Chenouf

Raux

2022

JMSE

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Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) are phenomena that result from alterations to ecosystems. Due to their potential toxicity, the level of danger depends on the species concerned, their frequency and intensity. They can cause impacts on biodiversity and on the anthropic activities that take place in maritime and coastal areas. Primary industries such as shellfish fisheries are mainly affected. To deal with this issue, the French administration has built a governance system based on two pillars. The first relies on a water quality monitoring system that assesses the risks of HAB contamination of coastal waters. The second is a regulatory system of production and commercial bans of seafood products from the impacted areas. This public action has two objectives. The first is human health-related and aims to protect consumers of seafood. The second is economic-based and aims to minimize the economic impacts associated with the commercial bans suffered by the businesses concerned. These two objectives may appear to be antagonistic. Using the case study of the French scallop fishery in the eastern Channel and based on an analysis of the commercial bans associated with HAB and associated potential economic impacts, this paper analyses the governance scheme dealing with HAB events in France. The authors highlight that this governance is not only a matter of applying administrative closures when toxicity thresholds are exceeded, but is a dynamic decision-making process involving experts and the Administration that attempts to balance acceptable health risks and economic impacts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the Governance of Harmful Algal Bloom Impacts: A Case Study of the Scallop Fishery in the Eastern French Coasts of the English Channel

Agúndez

Chenouf

Raux

2022

JMSE

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“…Two time periods were simulated, one in spring (March to April) and the other in summer (July to August), with a focus on the spawning period for each studied species. These species have been chosen because they are known to live in this area [52,53]. The numerical settings are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Domain Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the impact of offshore wind farm foundations in the English Channel on larval dispersal and connectivity using numerical modeling

Ajmi,

Boutet,

Bennis

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This work aims to investigate how the presence of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) could have local and potentially regional environmental impacts, as the turbine foundations serve as artificial habitats for various benthopelagic species, creating reef ecosystems. This study investigates how under met-oceanic forcings these farms could control the larval dispersion in the extended Bay of Seine. The dispersion of both natural species (mussel and European green crab) and introduced species (e.g. Japanese oyster and Asian shore crab) is simulated with coupled physical-biological numerical model combining MARS3D and ICHTHYOP. After a successful qualitative validation step using DILEMES data, it is observed that wind farms serve as relay points for species, facilitating connectivity between the farms and the shores of the extended Bay of Seine. Larval dispersal from the wind farms shows connectivity not only between the farms themselves but also between the farms and the shores of the extended Seine Bay, with approximately 7.44$\%$ of initially emitted larvae settling inside the Courseulles-sur-Mer OWF. As expected, the spatial resolution of the hydrodynamic model impacts the results, influencing larval retention particularly at the intersection of different nested grids. Our results indicate that it would be preferable to include effects of OWFs in future coastal management scenarios and underline the need to study cumulative impacts.

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“…The English Channel (EC) is a shallow epi-continental sea shared between the United Kingdom in the north and France in the south, with a maximum depth of 174 m in the Hurd Deep (150 km in length and 1.5 to 5 km in width) (Figure 1) [2]. Its western basin is deeper than the Eastern basin and is influenced by the Atlantic waters.…”

Section: Context: the English Channel A Megatidal Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tidal currents dominate sedimentation processes; extensive pebbly sediments dominate areas of strong tidal currents located offshore and to the east of the capes, whereas fine sands and muddy fine sands appear in areas of weak tidal currents in bays and estuaries. Coarse sands and pebbles cover more than 80% of the EC seabed area; another particular feature of the sediments is their high proportions of calcareous biogenic material, reaching up to 80% in the bioclastic sediments in the central part of the western EC [2]. Located between 48°30′N and 51° 10′N, EC is a temperate sea and is a biogeographical transition zone between the Lusitanian and Boreal provinces, influenced by a balance between warm, temperate species during warm periods and boreal species during cool periods [2].…”

Section: Context: the English Channel A Megatidal Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the EC is among the most active coastal marine zones where cumulative human impacts are the greatest. The eastern basin is more impacted than the western basin due to widespread traditional activities such as maintenance of fisheries and the emergence of new activities such as granulate extraction and offshore wind farm installations [2,3].…”

Section: Context: the English Channel A Megatidal Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Disciplinary and Multi-Scale Assessment of Marine Renewable Energy Structure in a Tidal System

Raoux¹,

Robin²,

Pezy³

et al. 2021

JEPT

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The French coast of the Atlantic and English Channel (EC) is promising for the development of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE), including wind, wave, and tidal stream, due to the high velocity of currents in some parts of the area. This paper, focusing on wind and tidal energy, discusses how the implementation of MRE converters influences biodiversity, and vice versa, through biofouling and reef effects. The understanding of these interactions requires the knowledge of the hydro-sedimentary conditions and the macrofauna. The research on these topics, performed at the Continental and Coastal Morphodynamic laboratory (M2C) (UNICAEN, France), is presented through a multi-disciplinary approach by i) studying the hydrodynamic conditions and the macrofauna in Alderney Race, ii) studying the biofouling effects on tidal turbines and their influence on the turbulent wake, iii) assessing the hydro-sedimentary impacts induced by the offshore wind farm, like scouring, and iv) taking an ecosystem approach on MRE, such as the reef effect. From an ecological perspective, the reef effect can be responsible for changes in the structure and function of the ecosystem. Although several studies have analyzed this effect at the species-or community-scale, the propagation of the reef effect at the ecosystem-scale remains unclear. Thus, understanding these ecosystem-scale effects is urgent for future research. From an engineering perspective, biofouling changes the structural characteristics (i.e., supplementary mass) of the converters and thus, affects their performance.

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The English Channel: La Manche

Cited by 13 publications

References 123 publications

Addressing the Governance of Harmful Algal Bloom Impacts: A Case Study of the Scallop Fishery in the Eastern French Coasts of the English Channel

Addressing the Governance of Harmful Algal Bloom Impacts: A Case Study of the Scallop Fishery in the Eastern French Coasts of the English Channel

Assessment of the impact of offshore wind farm foundations in the English Channel on larval dispersal and connectivity using numerical modeling

Multi-Disciplinary and Multi-Scale Assessment of Marine Renewable Energy Structure in a Tidal System

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