The engines of SARS-CoV-2 spread

Lee, Elizabeth C.; Wada, Nikolas; Grabowski, M Kate; Gurley, Emily S.; Lessler, Justin

doi:10.1126/science.abd8755

Cited by 122 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(5 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

124

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hence maybe it is not the young kids who infect their grand-parents, but it is the other way around? Studies suggest that the “engines of the SARS-COV-2 spread” are household transmissions, which may support this hypothesis (see Lee et al [9])).…”

Section: Tracking the Covid-19 Dynamics In Real-timementioning

confidence: 88%

Tracking the Dynamics and Allocating Tests for COVID-19 in Real-Time: an Acceleration Index with an Application to French Age Groups and Départements^*

Baunez

Degoulet

Luchini

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An acceleration index is proposed as a novel indicator to track the dynamics of the COVID-19 in real-time. Using French data on cases and tests for the period following the first lock-down - from May 13, 2020, onwards - our acceleration index shows that the ongoing pandemic resurgence can be dated to begin around July 7. It uncovers that the pandemic acceleration has been stronger than national average for the [59-68] and [69-78] age groups since early September, the latter being associated with the strongest acceleration index, as of October 25. In contrast, acceleration among the [19-28] age group is the lowest and is about half that of the [69-78], as of October 25. In addition, we propose an algorithm to allocate tests among French departments, based on both the acceleration index and the feedback effect of testing. Our acceleration-based allocation differs from the actual distribution over French territories, which is population-based. We argue that both our acceleration index and our allocation algorithm are useful tools to guide public health policies as France enters a second lock-down period with indeterminate duration.

show abstract

Section: Tracking the Covid-19 Dynamics In Real-timementioning

confidence: 88%

Tracking the Dynamics and Allocating Tests for COVID-19 in Real-Time: an Acceleration Index with an Application to French Age Groups and Départements^*

Baunez

Degoulet

Luchini

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Situations in which there is close-proximity contact, contact that is sustained over a prolonged period of time or multiple contacts in a confined poorly ventilated space pose the greatest risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission (Cevik et al, 2020). There is growing evidence that the risk of COVID-19 is highest in household settings, and that living in an overcrowded or multiple occupancy household increases the risk of becoming a COVID-19 case (Lee et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposures associated with being a COVID-19 case; evidence from three case-controls studies

Hiironen

Saavedra-Campos

Panitz

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe evidence on risk factors for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in community settings is sparse, yet this information is key to inform public health action. We investigated factors associated with being a COVID-19 case using data collected through contact tracing.MethodsWe conducted three retrospective, frequency-matched case-control studies between August 2020 and October 2020 using case data from the NHS Test and Trace programme. Controls were obtained through Market Research Panels. Multivariable analyses provided adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for multiple community exposure settings. We analysed the results in meta-analyses using random effects models to obtain pooled odds ratios (pORs).ResultsAcross all study periods, there was strong statistical evidence that working in healthcare (pOR 2.87, aOR range 2.72-3.08), social care (pOR 4.15, aOR range 2.46-5.41) or hospitality (pOR 2.36, aOR range 2.01-2.63) were associated with increased odds of being a COVID-19 case. There was also evidence that working in warehouse setting was associated with increased odds (pOR 3.86, aOR range 1.06-14.19), with a substantial increase in odds observed over the study periods. A similar pattern was also observed in education and construction.ConclusionsThe studies indicate that some workplace settings are associated with increased odds of being a case. However, it is not possible to determine how much of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 took place within the workplace, and how much was associated with social, household or transport exposures.

show abstract

“…We urge readers to refer to original articles, reviews and professional guidelines and COVID-19 resources. (22,(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53) Conclusion SARS-CoV-2-2019-the most pathogenic killer virushas created an unprecedented, once in a century syndemic. Currently, global COVID-19 positive cases exceed 43,623,111 with 1,161,311 deaths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Biochemistry, Transmission, Clinical Manifestations, and Prevention

Rao¹

2020

IJBM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The first human case of COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus, was reported by health officials in the city of Wuhan, China, in December of 2019. The virus was identified as a novel coronavirus in early January 2020, and its genetic sequence was shared publicly on January 11, 2020. The novel virus, previously called 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is currently designated as the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). On January 23, Wuhan was locked down, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a “public health emergency of international concern.” The viral genome of SARS-CoV-2 is around 29.8 kilobase, containing six major open reading frames. The most common clinical symptoms were fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, dyspnea, muscle ache, headache, chest pain, vomiting, sore throat, and sputum production. The main mode of transmission is through respiratory particles. The incubation period is 3 to 7 days. Both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients seem to be infectious. Spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 seem to have a 10- to 20-fold higher affinity to the human angiotensin enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor than that of SARS-CoV. The high affinity of S protein to theACE2 receptor, and the additional advantages offered by the transfection facilitators Furin and Neutropilin-1, likely, contributes to the rapid spreading of this novel virus. Since these receptors are highly expressed on a variety of cells, including vascular endothelial cells and adipose tissue, individuals with compromised function of these tissues drive greater infection and severity in patients with COVID-19. Global health experts estimate that one in five individuals worldwide could be at risk for severe COVID-19, due to underlying health conditions. There is a great need for a rapid, specific, cost-effective test for monitoring the infected individuals. Even though a 15- minute, antigen test was made available by Abbott recently, it seems that the schools, colleges, and business establishments lack the ability to use these tests effectively to keep their businesses open safely. Management of the infected individuals seems to be based on clinical symptoms that manifest as the disease progresses. The US Food & Drug Administration (FDA), has created a special emergency program for possible therapies, the Coronavirus Treatment Acceleration Program (CTAP). The program uses every available method to move new and emerging treatments as quickly as possible, keeping in mind the safety and efficacy of such therapies. According to the WHO report, there are currently more than 150 COVID-19 vaccine candidates under development. Several vaccines are in Phase 3 clinical trials. In an unprecedented effort, one of the experimental monoclonal antibody cocktails of Regeneron was used for therapeutic purposes when the US president was tested positive for COVID-19. There are no drugs or other therapeutics approved by the US FDA to prevent or treat COVID-19. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) have published interim guidelines for the medical management of COVID-19. In the absence of a cure, the only choice we all have is to follow the best practices recommended by the public health experts—use of face masks (coverings), frequent hand washing with soap, contact tracing of infected individuals, and quarantining COVID-19 positive individuals, till they are free of the highly infectious virus.

show abstract

The engines of SARS-CoV-2 spread

Abstract: Fighting SARS-CoV-2 requires a clear framework for understanding epidemic spread

Cited by 122 publications

References 9 publications

Tracking the Dynamics and Allocating Tests for COVID-19 in Real-Time: an Acceleration Index with an Application to French Age Groups and Départements^*

Tracking the Dynamics and Allocating Tests for COVID-19 in Real-Time: an Acceleration Index with an Application to French Age Groups and Départements^*

Occupational exposures associated with being a COVID-19 case; evidence from three case-controls studies

SARS-CoV-2 Biochemistry, Transmission, Clinical Manifestations, and Prevention

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The engines of SARS-CoV-2 spread

Abstract: Fighting SARS-CoV-2 requires a clear framework for understanding epidemic spread

Cited by 122 publications

References 9 publications

Tracking the Dynamics and Allocating Tests for COVID-19 in Real-Time: an Acceleration Index with an Application to French Age Groups and Départements*

Tracking the Dynamics and Allocating Tests for COVID-19 in Real-Time: an Acceleration Index with an Application to French Age Groups and Départements*

Occupational exposures associated with being a COVID-19 case; evidence from three case-controls studies

SARS-CoV-2 Biochemistry, Transmission, Clinical Manifestations, and Prevention

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Tracking the Dynamics and Allocating Tests for COVID-19 in Real-Time: an Acceleration Index with an Application to French Age Groups and Départements^*

Tracking the Dynamics and Allocating Tests for COVID-19 in Real-Time: an Acceleration Index with an Application to French Age Groups and Départements^*