The Engineering Properties and Microscopic Characteristics of High-Liquid-Limit Soil Improved with Lignin

Kong, Xianghui; Wang, Gaoqiang; Liang, Yunpeng; Zhang, Zhibin; Cui, Shuai

doi:10.3390/coatings12020268

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The strength of the improved loess with 3% CLS content increased fastest, and its UCS at 1, 14, and 28 d were 126.70, 289.83, and 354.77 kPa, respectively; the strength increases at 14 d and 28 d reached 128.75% and 180.01%, respectively. The untreated loess and improved loess had the same growth trend with curing age, which means that the strength grew faster in the first 14 d and grew slowly with stability in the last 14 d [32]. This agrees with the results of previous related studies.…”

Section: Unconfined Compressive Strength Of Improved Loesssupporting

confidence: 92%

Experimental Research on Collapsibility of Xi’an Loess Improved by Calcium Lignosulfonate

Bai

Zhang

et al. 2023

Coatings

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To improve the problem of collapsibility of loess, adding industrial materials such as cement is common engineering treatment, but this seriously damages the reclamation performance of soil. Calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) from paper plant waste fluids is a natural bio-based polymer with good application prospects as a soil improver. In this paper, the collapsibility and mechanical properties of CLS improved loess were investigated using a collapsibility test, gray correlation analysis, and an unconfined compressive strength test (UCS). In addition, the strengthening mechanism of CLS-improved loess was also explored based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microstructure parameters, and X-ray diffraction. The collapsibility coefficient decreased rapidly after CLS was admixed, and the single and double-oedometer methods showed the same change trend. The order of grey correlation degree of collapsibility on each index from large to small was: moisture content, pore ratio, dry density, and CLS content. The dosage of CLS greatly influenced the mechanical properties and collapsibility of stabilized loess. The optimum amount of CLS for Xi’an loess was 3%, at which the collapsibility coefficient was reduced by more than 95%, and the 28 d UCS increased by 180.01%. From the microstructure and mineral composition analysis perspective, CLS plays a role in filling pores and linking soil particles. After the protonation and ion exchange effect of CLS, the grain size and double electric layer thickness of mineral composition were reduced, and the structural compactness was increased. These research results are of great scientific significance for the ecological modification of soils.

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Section: Unconfined Compressive Strength Of Improved Loesssupporting

confidence: 92%

Experimental Research on Collapsibility of Xi’an Loess Improved by Calcium Lignosulfonate

Bai

Zhang

et al. 2023

Coatings

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“…The strength of the improved loess with 3% CLS content increases fastest, and its UCS at 1d, 14d, and 28d are 126.70kPa, 289.83kPa, and 354.77kPa, respectively, and the strength increases at 14d and 28d reach 128.75% and 180.01%, respectively. It can be seen that the untread loess and improved loess have the same growth trend with curing age, which means that the strength grows faster in the first 14 d, and grows slowly with stability in the last 14 d [30]. This is in agreement with the results of previous related studies, therefore, the curing age of the CLS-improved loess is guaranteed to be at least 14 d. In addition, as shown in Figure 7, the UCS of the improved loess increases and then decreases with the content of CLS, and the maximum value is obtained when the content of CLS is 3% at the same curing age.…”

Section: Unconfined Compressive Strength Of Improved Loessmentioning

confidence: 86%

Experimental Research on Collapsibility of Xi'an Loess Improved by Calcium Lignosulfonate

Bai¹,

Li²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Collapsibility is an inherent characteristic of loess, which is often treated by adding industrial materials such as cement and lime in engineering, it seriously damages the reclamation performance of soil. Degradable calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) has a good prospect in balancing soil stabilization and environmental protection. Therefore, this paper evaluates the collapsibility and mechanical characteristics of CLS improved loess based on the collapsibility test, grey correlation analysis, and unconfined compressive strength test. The results show that when the content is 3%, the stabilization effect is most obvious, and the collapsibility coefficient can be reduced by more than 95%. The order of grey correlation degree of collapsibility on each index is moisture content, void ratio, dry density, and CLS content from large to small. The unconfined compressive strength increases rapidly in the first 14 days and then decreases with the content. When the content is too high, the strength of improved loess is lower than that of plain loess. Combined with SEM, microstructure parameters, and X-ray diffraction analysis, the carbonate minerals can play the role of filling pores and connecting soil particles, which reduces the grain size of mineral composition and the thickness of the electric double layer and makes the structure more compact. The research results have scientific significance and application value for the ecological modification research and engineering application of soil.

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“…Because the 𝐶𝑀𝑉 of acceleration type is the most widely used in compaction quality control of highway subgrade [3], the application potential of 𝐸 index of energy type for silt [1], and the difference in material properties of high and low liquid limit silt [29,30], this paper selects 𝐶𝑀𝑉 and 𝐸 as potentially available RICM index, and further confirm its applicability to high and low liquid limit silt through comparative study. Based on the combination of RICM technology and RTK-BDS, a real-time compaction quality assessment method for highway subgrade materials is proposed to solve the problems existing in the conventional QC method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Roller-integrated compaction monitoring and assessment of high and low liquid limit silt subgrades using the Green spline interpolation algorithm

Yan,

Zhu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Journal of Intelligent Construction

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The compaction quality plays a vital role in the long-term performance of highways, thereby making it an essential aspect. The prevalent approach for compaction quality control (QC) primarily depends on manual manipulation of compaction parameters during the construction process and sporadic testing after the completion. However, the former is greatly affected by human factors, while the latter method entails destructive detection, low efficiency, and fails to provide a comprehensive representation of the compaction state across the entire work area. This paper utilized roller-integrated compaction monitoring (RICM) technology combined with Real-Time Kinematic-BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (RTK-BDS). Initially, the compaction meter value (𝐶𝑀𝑉) and compaction power per unit volume (𝐸) were chosen as the real-time monitoring indexes for assessing the quality of compaction. Subsequently, a case study on the Hengyong Highway Project in China was conducted. The findings revealed that 𝐶𝑀𝑉 exhibits a stronger correlation with compactness, resulting in smaller data dispersion and higher data stability. Thus, this paper chose 𝐶𝑀𝑉 as the characterization index of the compaction quality of high and low liquid limit silt subgrade, and built a fast compaction quality assessment method based on 𝐶𝑀𝑉 and Green spline interpolation algorithm to obtain estimates for compaction quality on the entire work area, enabling QC of silt subgrade. The verification results validate that the proposed method facilitates a swift and uninterrupted evaluation of the compaction quality throughout the entire construction area. This serves as a fundamental basis for effectively preventing quality defects and enhancing the overall quality of highways.

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The Engineering Properties and Microscopic Characteristics of High-Liquid-Limit Soil Improved with Lignin

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Experimental Research on Collapsibility of Xi’an Loess Improved by Calcium Lignosulfonate

Experimental Research on Collapsibility of Xi’an Loess Improved by Calcium Lignosulfonate

Experimental Research on Collapsibility of Xi'an Loess Improved by Calcium Lignosulfonate

Roller-integrated compaction monitoring and assessment of high and low liquid limit silt subgrades using the Green spline interpolation algorithm

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