The engineered nanoparticles in food chain: potential toxicity and effects

Abstract

Nanomaterials include dispersing materials containing structural elements (grains, crystallites, blocks, clusters, etc.), due to their nano dimensions acquire qualitatively new functional and operational characteristics, offering several biomedical and technical advances over their bulk analogues. Taking into the consideration the fact that the impact of nanoparticles (NPs) to a living organism through the food chain is extremely important and have not been studied in detail yet, in this review we aimed to show the effect of different NPs towards terrestrial food chain, aquatic ecosystem, microorganisms and etc. Understanding and managing the potential risks associated with the use of nanoscale objects serves as a guide for developing new methods, tools, and concepts in order to determine how new engineering nanoparticles will interact with living organisms in the food chain and environmental systems. It is assumed that these methods will fundamentally differ and challenge the existing research and testing methodologies. Keywords Food chain • Engineered nanoparticles • Toxicity • Environment • Ecosystem Abreviation AI Anxious index BALF Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ChlF Chlorophyll fluorescence CNTs Carbon nanotubes 2D Two-dimensional DAPI 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole 2DG 2-Deoxy-d-Glucose DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate FE Field emission FitcDx

Nano-priming as emerging seed priming technology for sustainable agriculture—recent developments and future perspectives

“…1 . It has been reported that seed germination and seedling vigor are potentially induced in various crops upon nano-priming [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Moreover, this may be one of the best methods to sort out the dormancy problems and increase the germination of seeds in forest species (upland boreal), which indicates that nano-priming can be useful for forest reclamation purposes [ 10 ].…”

Comparative Determination of Cytotoxicity of Sub-10 nm Copper Nanoparticles to Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Systems

“…43 Here, we focused on copper/copper oxide nanoparticles, which are used as "catalysts, magnetic storage media, solar energy transformers, solar cells, lithium batteries, semiconductors, field emission devices, gas sensors, biosensors in drug delivery, electronic chips, and heat transfer nanofluids". 37 Increasing research is being done to understand and manage the risks to the food chains, aquatic ecosystems, and microorganisms. 40,44,45 However, a comparative study on the cytotoxicity of copper nanoparticles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is not available.…”

“…With growing production and applications of nanometer-sized materials, considerations should be taken so that the nanoparticle material is safe for use and, of arguably equal importance, can safely be disposed of. While many nanoparticles are tested for human contacts, such as in wound healing agents, − food, − sunscreens, disinfectants, and biosensors for drug delivery, many are produced with little or no information about their biocompatibility . Furthermore, it is also not always required to disclose nanoparticles as ingredients …”

Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles in Animal Nutrition: A Review

“…The chemical methods of nanoparticle synthesis are the most common approaches commercially employed in various areas of NP applications. Concurrently, plenty of research indicates a potential environmental threat of nanotechnology related to NP toxicity [111][112][113][114][115]. The chemical approach to NP synthesis is related to the use of toxic chemicals, which are hazardous to humans and the environment [116].…”