The Energy Metabolism of the Albino Rat in Relation to the Plane of Nutrition

Forbes, E. B.; Kriss, Max; Miller, R. C.

doi:10.1093/jn/8.5.535

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Many studies on mammals and birds employ meal sizes that constitute substantially less than 5% of the animal's body mass and it is reasonable to expect lower scope values in these cases (McCue, 2006;Secor, 2009). However, even in the several studies where mammals were fed meals constituting >5% of body mass, scope values still ranged between 1.36 and 2.02, considerably lower than the scopes observed in this study (Atkinson and Lusk, 1919;Benedict and Pratt, 1913;Campbell et al, 2000;Costa and Kooyman, 1984;Curcio et al, 1999;Forbes et al, 1934;Hindle et al, 2003;Kriss, 1938;Weiss and Rapport, 1924;Williams et al, 1912). Because the peak of the SDA response is typically greater when digesting protein-rich meals compared with equicaloric lipidor carbohydrate-rich meals (McCue, 2006;Secor, 2009), it is possible the highly protein-rich shrimp diet offered to our bats is, in part, responsible for the greater scope values seen, relative to other mammalian studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

The cost of digestion in the fish-eating myotis (Myotis vivesi)

Welch

Otálora-Ardila

Flores‐Martínez

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Flying vertebrates, such as bats, face special challenges with regards to the throughput and digestion of food. On the one hand, as potentially energy-limited organisms, bats must ingest and assimilate energy efficiently in order to satisfy high resting and active metabolic demands. On the other hand, the assimilation of nutrients must be accomplished using a digestive tract that is, compared with that of similarly sized non-flying vertebrates, significantly shorter. Despite these competing demands, and the relative breadth of dietary diversity among bats, little work has been done describing the cost of digestion, termed 'specific dynamic action' (SDA). Here, we provide the first systematic assessment of the SDA response in a bat, the fisheating myotis (Myotis vivesi). Given the shorter digestive tract and the relatively higher resting and active metabolic rates of bats in general, and based on anecdotal published evidence, we hypothesized that the SDA response in fish-eating myotis would be dependent on meal size and both significantly more brief and intense than in small, nonflying mammals. In agreement with our hypothesis, we found that the peak metabolic rate during digestion, relative to rest, was significantly higher in these bats compared with any other mammals or vertebrates, except for some infrequently eating reptiles and amphibians. Additionally, we found that the magnitude and duration of the SDA response were related to meal size. However, we found that the duration of the SDA response, while generally similar to reported gut transit times in other small bats, was not substantially shorter than in similarly sized non-flying mammals.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

The cost of digestion in the fish-eating myotis (Myotis vivesi)

Welch

Otálora-Ardila

Flores‐Martínez

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…This has not been observed; nor is there a reduction in scatter of energy expenditure at the upper end of the body weight range. On the other hand, most of the rats were of approximately equal length which, rather than weight, would be the Forbes et al (1934) and Kriss et al (1934) Kriss et al (1934) according to the proximate principle composition of diet 41. The diurnal rhythm in total metabolism is a composite ofincreased nocturnal activity and a nocturnal feeding habit, with the energy costs of activity and of S.D.A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…estimated from re-feeding of fasted animals without correction for the metabolism of body tissue. Forbes et al (1934) and Kriss et al (1934) 100 g rats fed at various levels of food intake, rises with food intake unless the total catabolized substance is taken into account, that is the catabolized body substance of animals receiving submaintenance diets. The present estimate of S.D.A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The total energy metabolism of non‐pregnant rats

Morrison¹

1955

The Journal of Physiology

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Much information has accumulated over the years on the so-called 'basal' metabolism of many mammalian species. Such information is of great value for some purposes, notably for the comparison of the effects on energy metabolism of various pharmacological and hormonal agents. There are, however, objections to the use of 'basal' determinations as a measure of the normal energy economy of the organism. 'Basal' metabolism, better described as the resting, post-absorptive metabolism, can be determined only over relatively short periods, not more than 1 hr and usually not more than 10 or 15 min; the extrapolation of measurements of such short duration to a period of 24 hr can introduce errors of considerable magnitude. Also, it has been pointed out by and by Forbes, that the apparent effect of specific dynamic action (S.D.A.) in the post-absorptive animal is different to that in the normally feeding animal. The diurnal variations in energy expenditure, pointed out by many workers (e.g. , cannot be taken into account by means of single 'basal' determinations; repeated short-period determinations at intervals throughout the day and night, on the other hand, disturb the normal pattern of behaviour of the animal.In the case of small animals a more serious difficulty in the evaluation of the significance of 'basal' energy arises since the post-absorptive animal is difficult to distinguish from the frankly starving animal; in addition, the true resting state is almost impossible to achieve in small animals for more than a few minutes at a time. Brody, Riggs, Kaufman & Herring (1938) have shown that, in the post-absorptive rat, lactation is severely depressed, and within 8 hr of the last feed completely fails. Such a drastic effect on a normal function at the beginning of what is usually regarded as the post-absorptive period is a strong indication that, in the rat, the post-absorptive state cannot be regarded as physiological.

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“…In response to changes in the caloric density of their diets, rats increase or decrease their food intake so as to maintain a stable body weight [Adolph, 19471. The role of energy expenditure in defense of body weight was initially , with permission of the author and publisher.) inferred from observations that weight changes during food restriction or force-feeding were less than expected from the imposed caloric deficits or excesses [Bjorntorp and Yang, 1982;Boyle et al, 1978;Forbes et al, 1930;Hamilton, 1969;Kriss et al, 1934;Levitsky et al, 1976;Ozelci et al, 19781. More recently, changes in energy expenditure following alterations in body weight have been measured directly.…”

Section: Active Defense Of Body Weight In Normal Weight Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term use of appetite suppressant medication: Rationale and recommendations

Stallone

Stunkard

1992

Drug Development Research

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Stallone, D.D., and A.J. Stunkard: Long-term use of appetite suppressant medication: rationale and recommendations. Drug Dev. Res. 26:l-20, 1992.We propose a change in the use of "appetite suppressant" medication in the treatment of obesity: use it on a long-term basis or not at all. This proposal is based on the theory that "appetite suppressant" medication acts primarily by lowering the regulated level of body weight. We review the concept of the regulation of body weight and present evidence that body weight is regulated in animals of normal weight and in some obese animals. We show that the concept of the regulation of body weight also applies to variations of body weight produced by endogenous factors, such as those related to hibernation, as well as by experimental interventions, such as brain lesions and "appetite suppressant" medication. Evidence of body weight regulation in normal weight and obese humans is presented and clinical significance discussed. We conclude with a discussion of a new role for "appetite suppressant" medication in the treatment of obesity. o 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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The Energy Metabolism of the Albino Rat in Relation to the Plane of Nutrition

Cited by 38 publications

References 4 publications

The cost of digestion in the fish-eating myotis (Myotis vivesi)

The cost of digestion in the fish-eating myotis (Myotis vivesi)

The total energy metabolism of non‐pregnant rats

Long‐term use of appetite suppressant medication: Rationale and recommendations

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