The Energy Level Conundrum of Organic Semiconductors in Solar Cells (Adv. Mater. 35/2022)

Bertrandie, Jules; Han, Jianhua; Castro, Catherine S. P. De; Yengel, Emre; Gorenflot, Julien; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.; Laquai, Frédéric; Sharma, Anirudh; Baran, Derya

doi:10.1002/adma.202270248

Cited by 20 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Either way, energy levels of both dopant dimers lie comfortably above the LUMOs of the doped OSCs, which range from −3.99 to −3.60 eV (Figure 3b), and thus should allow for efficient electron transfer. [ 64–67 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Generation of n‐Type Dopants by Thermal Decarboxylation

Aniés

Nugraha

Fall

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Molecular doping is a powerful and increasingly popular approach toward enhancing electronic properties of organic semiconductors (OSCs) past their intrinsic limits. The development of n-type dopants has been hampered, however, by their poor stability and high air-reactivity, a consequence of their generally electron rich nature. Here, the use of air-stable carboxylated dopant precursors is reported to overcome this challenge. Active dopants are readily generated in solution by thermal decarboxylation and applied in n-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Both 1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-carboxylate (CO 2 -DMI) and novel dopant 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolium-2carboxy late (CO 2 -DMBI) are applied to n-type OFETs employing well-known organic semiconductors (OSCs) P(NDI2OD-T2), PCBM, and O-IDTBR. Successful improvement of performance in all devices demonstrates the versatility of the dopants across a variety of OSCs. Experimental and computational studies indicate that electron transfer from the dopant to the host OSC is preceded by decarboxylation of the precursor, followed by dimerization to form the active dopant species. Transistor studies highlight CO 2 -DMBI as the most effective dopant, improving electron mobility by up to one order of magnitude, while CO 2 -DMI holds the advantage of commercial availability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Generation of n‐Type Dopants by Thermal Decarboxylation

Aniés

Nugraha

Fall

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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“…As a result of its energetics, there can be electron transfer between the croconate dianion with doped p ‐type semiconducting polymers having more positive oxidation potentials relative to Fc/Fc + equivalent to an IE of ≈4.8 eV (Figure 1). Given the uncertainty in the exact redox potentials in the solid state, [ 42 ] we examined the behavior of croconate dianions during ion exchange with doped semiconducting polymers with varying IE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Doping of Semiconducting Polymers Using Ion‐Exchange with a Dianion

Yuan

Plunkett

Nguyen

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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The interactions between counterions and electronic carriers in electrically doped semiconducting polymers are important for delocalization of charge carriers, electronic conductivity, and thermal stability. The introduction of a dianions in semiconducting polymers leads to double doping where there is one counterion for two charge carriers. Double doping minimizes structural distortions, but changes the electrostatic interactions between the carriers and counterions. Polymeric ionic liquids (PIL) with croconate dianions are helpful to investigate the role of the counterion in p-type semiconducting polymers. PILs prevent diffusion of the cation into the semiconducting polymers during ion exchange. The redox-active croconate dianions undergo ion exchange with doped semiconducting polymers depending on their ionization energy. Croconate dianions are found to reduce doped films of poly(3-hexyl thiophene), but undergo ion exchange with a polythiophene with tetraethylene glycol side chains, P(g 4 2T-T), that has a lower ionization energy. The croconate dianion maintains crystalline order in P(g 4 2T-T) and leads to a lower activation energy for the electrical conductivity than PF 6 − counterions.The control of the doping level with croconate allows optimization of the thermoelectric performance of the semiconducting polymer. The thermal stability of the doped films of P(g 4 2T-T) is found to depend strongly on the nature of the counterion.

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“…These days, researches in the field of electronics have been more and more focused on development of organic semiconductors rather than conventional inorganic semiconductors due to the imminent applications of organic semiconductors in the markets, e. g., OLEDs, solid state lighting, organic compounds based devices to generate solar energy, organic compounds based diodes as recognition tags for radio frequency, and a lot of more [1–9] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Schottky Barrier Diodes Utilizing Schiff Base Compounds and Metal Complexes with Schiff Base Ligands

Dutta

Halder

2023

ChemistrySelect

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Fabrications of different kinds of diodes with various types of materials are the trends of modern research. In recent times organic materials and metal complexes containing organic ligands are chosen preferably for the fabrication of Schottky barrier diodes. Utilizations of Schiff‐base compounds and Schiff base containing metal complexes in the making of Schottky barrier diodes are immensely appreciated because the syntheses of Schiff‐base compounds are quite straightforward, less expensive and require less time. Large scale production of Schiff base materials is comparatively easier because their syntheses involve facile condensation reaction and their optical properties can be easily tuned by introducing simple substituent groups. Designing appropriate molecular structure plays pivotal role in the conducting properties of the materials. The molecular systems with exiting conducting properties can be utilized for the fabrication of such active electronic device. Sometimes, the specific structural arrangements enhance the charge flow upon illumination of light. These materials can be used in making photosensitive diode devices. In this context, this review, comprising of a collection of research articles regarding Schottky diode device based on Schiff bases and metal complexes with Schiff base ligands, may be helpful for the researchers of the relevant field.

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The Energy Level Conundrum of Organic Semiconductors in Solar Cells (Adv. Mater. 35/2022)

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

In Situ Generation of n‐Type Dopants by Thermal Decarboxylation

In Situ Generation of n‐Type Dopants by Thermal Decarboxylation

Double Doping of Semiconducting Polymers Using Ion‐Exchange with a Dianion

Fabrication of Schottky Barrier Diodes Utilizing Schiff Base Compounds and Metal Complexes with Schiff Base Ligands

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