The energy gap law for non-radiative decay in large molecules

Englman, R.; Jortner, Joshua

doi:10.1016/0022-2313(70)90029-3

Cited by 93 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Much like λ env , we expect disorder to cause an effective reduction of the gap and to increase k nr . Since the emitting state of NFAs remains unclear, it is worth pointing out that, for intramolecular vibrations, the expression for FC S1 is analogous with λ env = 0 . Depending on the character of the emissive state in NFAs, this could represent a first reduction in k nr .…”

Section: New Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Tradeoffs Limiting the Performance of Organic Photovoltaics

Ramírez

Causa

Zhong

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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perspective on the physics underlying the conventional and new systems and their performance limits.The discussion is focused on two key issues, which have for long hindered OPV performances, and their applicability to the new systems. The first is a charge generation-open-circuit voltage (V oc ) tradeoff, which has typically meant a driving force is required for charge transfer. Consequently, high-performance devices have exhibited either a high short-circuit current J sc or a high V oc . [1] The second is that the slow charge extraction and fast recombination mean the optimum device performance is obtained at active layer thicknesses inferior to those required for full absorption. This is manifested in a tradeoff between absorption and fill factor (FF). We first provide a modern outlook on the physics behind these tradeoffs. Both the fundamentals and their application to OPV systems are covered. We introduce the thermodynamics of photovoltaic conversion, which are currently the most powerful tool to describe the V oc of OPVs. We cover the various theories behind charge generation and, to widen the debate, their implications on devices and especially their V oc .This leads us to consider the recent small molecule systems and the exciting possibilities for experimental insights they offer. Some of these systems show record values for their emission yield and very low charge generation-V oc tradeoffs. Also, the role of nonradiative recombination due to molecular vibrations is receiving increasing attention. We examine the role of the tradeoffs in limiting NFA performance and suggest potential explanations for their improved performance as well as some promising avenues for research.

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Section: New Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Tradeoffs Limiting the Performance of Organic Photovoltaics

Ramírez

Causa

Zhong

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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show abstract

“…More recently Fischer (30,79) and Englman & Jortner (28,80) used a similar model applying the method of steepest descent for the evaluation of a complex time integral. This approach leads to a deeper understanding of the energy gap law and the deuteron effect.…”

Section: E Dynamic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…the C-H or C-D modes). A comparison of these predicted results with experiment(80) leads to some disagreements. Theoretical values for LlM were taken from Hunt, McCoy & Ross (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Lifetimes in Excited States

Schlag¹,

Schneider²,

Fischer³

1971

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.

180

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“…The peak shift is often used to establish the character of the emitting state. The gap between the ground state and exciting state decreases with pressure, and the non-radiative rate is expected to increase according to the energy gap law [6].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%