The Energy Expenditure and Food Intake of Individual Men

Edholm, O. G.; Fletcher, Jane; Widdowson, E. M.; McCance, R. A.

doi:10.1079/bjn19550040

Cited by 317 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The interpretation of these data are that RMR as a major component of energy expenditure is exerting a physiological drive for food intake [54••]. These data are consistent with Edholm's hypothesis that there is a fundamental relationship between energy expenditure and energy intake [55].…”

Section: Impact Of Body Composition On Appetite Controlsupporting

confidence: 79%

Physical Activity, Energy Intake, and Obesity: The Links Between Exercise and Appetite

et al. 2013

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Overweight and obesity are often theorized using the energy balance equation. When energy intake (EI) is greater than energy expended this creates a positive energy balance and leads to weight gain, conversely when energy expenditure (EE) exceeds EI this creates a negative energy balance and weight loss. Physiologists have been examining the relationship between EE and EI since the 1950s. Total daily EE is comprised of two main components; resting metabolic rate (RMR) and physical activity (PA). This review will examine and report the relationships between both major components of EE and EI, and therefore the impact of PA on body weight. The relationship between energy expended through PA and EI appears to be weak, especially within one day and over longer periods in overweight and obese adults. However, recent data have demonstrated a strong relationship between RMR, hunger and food intake. The differences observed in the relationships between PA EE and EI and metabolic EE and EI are not surprising. EE from PA is highly variable and episodic whereas EE from RMR is very stable and tonic. These new data provide evidence for a fundamental link between EE and EI.

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Section: Impact Of Body Composition On Appetite Controlsupporting

confidence: 79%

Physical Activity, Energy Intake, and Obesity: The Links Between Exercise and Appetite

et al. 2013

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“…5 A precise balance between energy intake and energy expenditure has been noted in humans over as little as a 2-week time frame, which proved to be long enough to average out day-to-day fluctuations in intake. 6 This stability is also observed in experimental settings in which the body weight of animals that were either overfed or starved returned to that of a control group once food intake returned to normal. 2,[7][8][9][10][11] Finally, when animals are fed nutrients in varying dilutions, they adjust their intake to maintain constancy of the number…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 64%

Leptin and the Regulation of Body Weigh

Friedman

2011

Keio J. Med.

120

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“…Furthermore, at the time there was no independent, precise means of measuring free-living energy expenditure (EE), instead EE was estimated by use of activity diaries, which are imprecise. Studies that attempted to compare EI and EE by use of diary records suggested a very poor correspondence between EI and EE (Edholm et al 1955(Edholm et al , 1970. This further hinted that some people may be able to ingest energy in excess of requirements and remain lean, while others appeared to consume relatively small amounts of food and were overweight.…”

Section: Recent Trends In Energy Balance Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appetite, feeding behaviour and energy balance in human subjects

Rj¹

1998

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Since the Second World War there has been a secular trend of increased overweight and obesity in societies where people have ad libitum access to Westem-type diets (Royal College of Physicians, 1983;Gregory et al. 1990;White et al. 1991; Department of Health, 1995). Over this time period the economic costs of obesity and the personal costs of being overweight (in terms of reduced quality of life, increased morbidity and mortality) have been well documented (Seidell, 1995). Throughout this period scientific efforts have intensified in attempting to understand the cause of overweight and obesity and in endeavours to produce effective approaches to sustained body-weight reduction. Ironically, the increased governmental, public health and biomedical research efforts aimed at understanding how to reverse current secular trends in body fatness have been accompanied by an escalation of those very trends. We have now reached the remarkable situation in the UK whereby more that half of the adult population has been categorized as collectively overweight and obese (Department of Health, 1995). By considering research trends in the area of human energy balance (EB) over the last two decades it should become apparent that current research has grown out of and built on the research that went before it. Several of the hypotheses of the 1970s and 1980s have been rejected as inoperable in human subjects in the light of the evidence that was collected to evaluate them. It is worth remembering that disproving an hypothesis does not reduce the contribution it has made to scientific understanding. The very process of disproving the hypothesis actually advances science and leads to new avenues of investigation. It is unfortunate that the meticulous process of hypothesis-testing necessarily proceeds at a somewhat slower rate than the problem that we are trying to address: a large prevalence of excess body weight. However, considerable progress has been made over the last two decades in understanding the major factors most likely to alter EB in man and the types of model which are likely to explain how some people become overweight and obese. These insights have proved invaluable in helping us address current issues pertinent to the control of EB and in targeting key research areas for the future. In order to fully illustrate this point it is worth considering the direction of research into obesity and EB over the last couple of decades.

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The Energy Expenditure and Food Intake of Individual Men

Cited by 317 publications

References 15 publications

Physical Activity, Energy Intake, and Obesity: The Links Between Exercise and Appetite

Physical Activity, Energy Intake, and Obesity: The Links Between Exercise and Appetite

Leptin and the Regulation of Body Weigh

Appetite, feeding behaviour and energy balance in human subjects

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