The Energy Cost of Growth Estimated from Simultaneous Direct and Indirect Calorimetry in Infants of Less Than 2500 G

Sauer, Pieter J. J.; Pearse, R G; Dane, H.J.; Visser, Henk

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-9318-1_6

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…If calculations of the energy cost of growth and changes in body composition during growth are to be made by balance techniques (3,5,12,13,15). an accurate determination of the proportion ofthe energy intake which is oxidized is vital, since calculations of stored energy depend on this figure as much as they do on the accurate measurement of energy intake and losses in the excreta.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurement of oxygen consumption in neonates is useful in assessing the optimum environmental conditions in which to nurse them (4,(6)(7)(8)18), and in making calculations of their energy expenditure, which, in conjunction with nutritional balances, can be used to determine the composition of their growth (3,5,12,13,15). Many different techniques have been used to study respiratory metabolism (2, 9-1 1, 14, 16, 17, 19-2 1, 23) but all have the dual drawbacks of disturbing the infant's normal environment and of being limited to a maximum period of only a few hours.…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory Metabolism in Preterm Infants: the Measurement of Oxygen Consumpton during Prolonged Periods

Abdulrazzaq

Brooke

1984

Pediatr Res

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Metabolism in Preterm Infants: the Measurement of Oxygen Consumpton during Prolonged Periods

Abdulrazzaq

Brooke

1984

Pediatr Res

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“…The oxygen consumption of newborn in fants is dependent on postnatal age [3,12], weight [8], activity [8,10], feeding [1,16] and on environmental conditions such as temper ature and humidity [17]. Whether different sleep states significantly influence the oxygen consumption of newborn infants, however, is less certain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In studies on the energy balance of lowbirth-weight infants [8,9] we measured the metabolic rate continuously over 6-hour pe riods, while the infants were being fed contin uously. From data originating from these studies, we analyzed the influenced of two sleep states on metabolic rate and respiratory quotient (RQ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> Production of Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Two Sleep States

1985

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The influence of sleep states on the metabolic rate and on the respiratory quotient (RQ) of low-birth-weight infants during continuous feeding was analyzed. Gestational age at birth varied between 29 and 35 weeks, postnatal age between 2 and 56 days and body weight between 0.81 and 2.11 kg. The mean oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were 10% higher, while the rise in SD was about 3-fold during REM sleep compared with NREM sleep. The RQ, however, was equal in both states. The sequence of the two sleep states did not have any influence on the analyzed parameters. Averaged over all the measurements, no statistically significant linear trend in oxygen consumption as a function of time could be found. However, small non-zero trends could be found, the direction of which appeared to depend on the sequence of the states.

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“…Values for the resting metabolic rate and various estimators of body size were compared using regression analysis. It was evident that, in these young children with considerable variation in body composition, body-weight remained a satisfactory metabolic-size estimator.Concern to improve rates of weight gain in children during recovery from malnutrition or after low birth weight, has stimulated interest in energy metabolism in these unusual circumstances (Ashworth, 1969;Brooke & Ashworth, 1972;Spady et al 1976;Brooke et al 1979;Sauer et al 1979;Chessex et al 1981). The observation by Ashworth (1969) of an enhanced postprandial metabolic rate (MR) during catch-up weight gain was confirmed in later studies (Brooke & Ashworth, 1972;Brooke et al 1979).…”

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confidence: 99%

Energy metabolism in healthy black Kenyan children

Duggan¹,

Milner²

1986

Br J Nutr

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1. Twenty-four healthy black Kenyan children, mean age 29 (SD 19) months, were studied over a 24 h period. Energy expenditure (EE) was determined using a ventilated-hood indirect calorimeter; measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Metabolizable energy intake was measured in twenty children. Anthropometric measurements were used to estimate surface area and lean body-weight.2. The mean daily intake of metabolizable energy was 338.4 (SE 28.4) kJ/kg; 70% of gross dietary energy being provided by carbohydrate. The level of postprandial EE was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the resting level (12.6 (SE 0.47) and 11.38 (SE 0.37) kJ/kg per h respectively) while the level of the postprandial respiratory quotient (RQ) was similar to the resting level (0.94 (SE 0.02) and 0.98 (SE 0.03 respectively). In 33% of total observations of the resting RQ the value was more than 1.0. These findings suggest that short-term fat storage may be a normal feature of metabolism in children, and also that the energy cost of (postprandial) fat synthesis is increased by a high-carbohydrate diet.3. Values for the resting metabolic rate and various estimators of body size were compared using regression analysis. It was evident that, in these young children with considerable variation in body composition, body-weight remained a satisfactory metabolic-size estimator.Concern to improve rates of weight gain in children during recovery from malnutrition or after low birth weight, has stimulated interest in energy metabolism in these unusual circumstances (Ashworth, 1969;Brooke & Ashworth, 1972;Spady et al. 1976;Brooke et al. 1979;Sauer et al. 1979;Chessex et al. 1981). The observation by Ashworth (1969) of an enhanced postprandial metabolic rate (MR) during catch-up weight gain was confirmed in later studies (Brooke & Ashworth, 1972;Brooke et al. 1979). Ashworth (1969) proposed that this phenomenon, analogous to the heat increment of feeding (Hervey & Tobin, 1983), represents the energy expenditure on biosynthesis, and indicates that growth, i.e. tissue gain, takes place in short spurts after meals. The postprandial increase in the MR was reported to be relatively unimportant after recovery from malnutrition, i.e. at normal growth rates (Brooke & Ashworth, 1972). This accords with the estimate that less than 5% of the metabolizable energy intake of the reference infant, between 9 and 12 months of age, will be deposited in new tissue (calculated from values for the body composition and energy intake of the reference infant from Fomon, 1967Fomon, , 1974.Protein turnover exceeds protein deposition (Millward et al. 1976) and lipid turnover, i.e, non-protein turnover, together with its necessary energy cost, may also be a feature of normal growth. This will be more difficult to recognize experimentally in those consuming a relatively high fat diet because of the low heat increment of feeding fat (Flatt, 1978) and the unchanging respiratory quotient (RQ) of fat synthesis from fat. By contrast, net lipogenesis after a carbohydr...

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The Energy Cost of Growth Estimated from Simultaneous Direct and Indirect Calorimetry in Infants of Less Than 2500 G

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Respiratory Metabolism in Preterm Infants: the Measurement of Oxygen Consumpton during Prolonged Periods

Respiratory Metabolism in Preterm Infants: the Measurement of Oxygen Consumpton during Prolonged Periods

Oxygen Consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> Production of Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Two Sleep States

Energy metabolism in healthy black Kenyan children

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