The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) Investigation and the Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EIS) for the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission

Mauk, B. H.; Blake, J. B.; Baker, D. N.; Clemmons, J. H.; Reeves, G. D.; Spence, H. E.; Jaskulek, S.; Schlemm, C. E.; Brown, L. E.; Cooper, S. A.; Craft, James A.; Fennell, J. F.; Gurnee, R. S.; Hammock, C. M.; Hayes, J. R.; Hill, P.; Ho, G. C.; Hutcheson, Joel C.; Jacques, A. D.; Kerem, S.; Mitchell, D. G.; Nelson, K. S.; Paschalidis, N.; Rossano, E.; Stokes, Mark; Westlake, J. H.

doi:10.1007/978-94-024-0861-4_14

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Our results using higher time resolution observations show very different properties of field-aligned currents (FACs) associated with DF, compared to previous studies using spin-resolution particle data [e.g., Runov et al, 2011 andSun et al, 2014a]. Higher time resolution observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission [Curtis, 1999;Mauk et al, 2014] will bring fundamental new understanding about the DF, which we believe will be different from the results from previous studies with spin-resolution observations.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Substructures within a dipolarization front revealed by high‐temporal resolution Cluster observations

et al. 2016

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The dipolarization front (DF), usually observed near the leading edge of a bursty bulk flow (BBF), is thought to carry an intense current sufficient to modify the large‐scale near‐Earth magnetotail current system. However, the physical mechanism of the current generation associated with DFs is poorly understood. This is primarily due to the limitations of conventional plasma instruments which are unable to provide a sufficient number of unaliased 3‐D distribution functions on the timescale of the DF, which usually travels past a spacecraft in only a few seconds. It is thus almost impossible to unambiguously determine the detailed plasma structure of the DF at the usual temporal resolution of such instruments. Here we present detailed plasma measurements using the Cluster Plasma Electron and Current Experiment and Cluster Ion Spectrometry‐Composition and Distribution Function ion data for an event during which it was possible to observe the full pitch angle distribution at a cadence of 1/4 s. The observations clearly show details of plasma substructure within the DF, including the presence of field‐aligned electron beams. In this event, the current density carried by the electron beam is much larger than the current obtained from the curlometer method. We also suggest that the field‐aligned current around the DF obtained from the curlometer method may have been misinterpreted in previous studies. Our results imply that the nature of the DF current system needs to be revisited using high‐resolution particle measurements, such as those observations shortly to be available from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Substructures within a dipolarization front revealed by high‐temporal resolution Cluster observations

et al. 2016

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“…In the present paper, we use MMS 1, 2, 3, and 4 to denote the four identical spacecraft throughout this paper. The charged particle data are from plasma analyzers (FPI) [Pollock et al, 2016] and energetic particle detectors (EPD) [Mauk et al, 2016]. The field measurements are from fluxgate magnetometers (FGM) (FGM consisting of digital fluxgate (DFG) and analogue magnetometer (AFG)) [Russell et al, 2016;Torbert et al, 2016b] and electric field instruments (Spin-plane Double Probe (SDP)/Axial Double Probe (ADP)) [Ergun et al, 2016;Lindqvist et al, 2016].…”

Section: Overview Of 2015-08-12 Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct examination of the dynamics of dipolarization fronts using MMS

Yao¹,

Rae²,

Guo

et al. 2017

JGR Space Physics

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Energy conversion on the dipolarization fronts (DFs) has attracted much research attention through the suggestion that intense current densities associated with DFs can modify the more global magnetotail current system. The current structures associated with a DF are at the scale of one to a few ion gyroradii, and their duration is comparable to a spacecraft's spin period. Hence, it is crucial to understand the physical mechanisms of DFs with measurements at a timescale shorter than a spin period. We present a case study whereby we use measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission, which provides full 3‐D particle distributions with a cadence much shorter than a spin period. We provide a cross validation amongst the current density calculations and examine the assumptions that have been adopted in previous literature using the advantages of MMS mission (i.e., small‐scale tetrahedron and high temporal resolution). We also provide a cross validation on the terms in the generalized Ohm's law using these advantageous measurements. Our results clearly show that the majority of the currents on the DF are contributed by both ion and electron diamagnetic drifts. Our analysis also implies that the ion frozen‐in condition does not hold on the DF, while electron frozen‐in condition likely holds. The new experimental capabilities allow us to accurately calculate Joule heating within the DF, which shows that plasma energy is being converted to magnetic energy in our event.

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“…Though several electron‐scale studies of reconnection have shown evidence of electron energization, at times even up to 10s of keV energies (Burch, Torbert, et al, 2016; Torbert et al, 2018), few studies have focused on the significance of high‐energy (>30 keV) particle energization (Ergun et al, 2020). In particular, the study of potential particle energization resulting from magnetic reconnection was a critical science objective for the MMS Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) investigation (Mauk et al, 2016). The investigation includes the Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EIS; Mauk et al, 2016) and Fly's Eye Energetic Particles Spectrometer (FEEPS; Blake et al, 2016) instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Energetic Electrons Near Active Magnetotail Reconnection Sites: Statistical Evidence for Local Energization

Cohen

Turner

Mauk

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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 Six candidate EDRs identified by the MMS team are compared to a statistical database of quiet-time plasmasheet crossings  The spectral indices of energetic electrons near the EDRs are indeed harder than the plasmasheet crossings, suggesting local energization  Even the quiet-time plasmasheet crossings include cases with suprisingly hard spectra, perhaps sourced by distant tail reconnection

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The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) Investigation and the Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EIS) for the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Substructures within a dipolarization front revealed by high‐temporal resolution Cluster observations

Substructures within a dipolarization front revealed by high‐temporal resolution Cluster observations

A direct examination of the dynamics of dipolarization fronts using MMS

Characteristics of Energetic Electrons Near Active Magnetotail Reconnection Sites: Statistical Evidence for Local Energization

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