The Endurance Rocket Mission

Collinson, G.; Glocer, A.; Pfaff, R.; Barjatya, Aroh; Bissett, Scott; Blix, Kolbjørn; Breneman, A. W.; Clemmons, Jim; Eparvier, F. G.; Gass, Ted; Michell, R.; Mitchell, David; Imber, S. M.; Ghalib, Ahmed; Akbari, H.; Ansted, Glen; Baddeley, Lisa; Bahr, Håvard; Bain, Gary; Bonsteel, Brian; Borgen, Henry; Bowden, D. C.; Bowker, Dave; Cameron, Tim; Campbell, Meredith F.; Cathell, Philip; Chornay, D.; Clayton, Robert W.; Conser, Larry; Davis, Lance E.; Donohue, Sean R.; Eilertsen, Leif Jonny; Etheridge, Charles; Graves, Nathan; Häggstrøm, Ingemar; Hanssen, Preben; Haugh, Herbert; Helgesen, Espen; Henderson, Jordan; Herseth, Kim Roar; Hickman, John A.; Jensen, Kent-Gøran; Jester, Travis; Johnson, Eric; Johnson, Hunter R.; Kavanagh, A. J.; King, Max; Knight, David W.; Laman, Russell; Lankford, Trevor; Lien, Rolf; Lester, M.; Marsh, Gordon; Martin, Steve W.; Morris, Norman; Nguyen, Long H.; Nelson, Richard R.; Ogundere, Wale; Osbakk, Karl Henning; Page, Dave; Polidan, Joe; Raley, Devon; Raymond, Richard; Robertson, Ellen J.; Rosanova, Giovanni; Rosnack, T.; Serabian, Belinda; Simonsen, Roger; Søreng, Jan Arne; Sveen, J.; Swanson, D.; Swift, Robert M.; Uribe, P.; Valentine, Henry; Waters, Frank; West, Libby; Wilson, Tim

doi:10.1007/s11214-022-00908-0

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…One piece of evidence which supports this hypothesis is that the events found in this survey appear to be small‐scale structures. Global‐scale Ambipolar fields form over hundreds of kilometers, resulting in a strong correlation between potential drop and altitude (Collinson et al., 2019; Collinson, Glocer, et al., 2022; Xu et al., 2018). However, the potentials measured by Venus Express show no correlation with altitude (Figure 3b), suggesting they are already fully formed by the altitudes they were measured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, Earth's ambipolar field is thought to assist the outflow of heavier ions (such as O + ) by reducing the potential barrier required to escape Earth's gravity (Moore et al., 1997). While the strength of Earth's potential is unknown, NASA recently launched the Endurance rocket mission into Earth's polar cap to attempt to make the first measurement of Earth's intrinsic electric potential (Collinson, Glocer, et al., 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey of Strong Electric Potential Drops in the Ionosphere of Venus

Collinson,

Frahm,

Glocer

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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Every planet or moon with an ionosphere is thought to generate a weak electrical potential which helps ions overcome gravity and escape to space. A pilot study at Venus by Collinson et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068327) indicated a planetary potential an order of magnitude stronger than expected. Here we present a statistical study of the electrical potential drop in the ionosphere of Venus, which was found to be an average of 7.04 ± 2.19 V. However, these strong potentials measured by Venus Express are likely atypical and extreme outliers associated with a transient phenomenon in the Venusian ionosphere. We posit they are associated with transient and sporadic density cavities in the ionosphere and may be the result of sporadic electrostatic double layer formation in the dayside ionosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Strong Electric Potential Drops in the Ionosphere of Venus

Collinson,

Frahm,

Glocer

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…A second explanation might be that uncertainties ionization cross sections and incoming photon flux may contribute to the discrepancies between the data and model. This is a prime topic for analysis of measurements by the 8 DESA sensors of the recently launched Endurance rocket (G. Collinson et al., 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DESA is a new type of plasma analyzer that has been specifically designed to measure the energy spectrum of electrons near planetary bodies. Eight DESA sensors flew recently (11 May 2022) aboard NASA's Endurance rocket mission (G. Collinson et al., 2022) (NASA № 47.001). Another DESA sensor is manifested to fly on NASA's 6U Dione CubeSat.…”

Section: The Dual Electrostatic Analyzer (Desa) Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rocket Measurements of Electron Energy Spectra From Earth's Photoelectron Production Layer

Collinson

Glocer

Chornay

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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When sunlight shines upon planetary atmospheres, energetic photoelectrons are excited and ejected from neutral atoms by the absorption of extreme ultraviolet solar radiation. Photoelectrons play a key role in many aspects of atmospheric physics; they are an important source of heat for the ionosphere and upper thermosphere (Shea et al., 1968); they strengthen the ambipolar electric potential drop generated by planetary ionospheres (Khazanov et al., 1997;Lemaire, 1972) which is critical to understanding the quiet time polar wind (Banks & Holzer, 1968) and its global structure (Glocer et al., 2017); photoelectrons are also important in magnetospheric physics, enabling field line tracing (

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