The Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Structures in Maize Root Cells

Whaley, W. Gordon; Mollenhauer, Hilton H.; Kephart, Joyce E.

doi:10.1083/jcb.5.3.501

Cited by 84 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…220 A thick) with occasional interruptions probably corresponding to the round pores seen in tangential sections. These pores in the nuclear envelope are similar to those described in root tip cells (Whaley et al, 1960a;Marinos, 1960). The mottled appearance frequently observed in the nucleus after permanganate fixation (Whaley et al 1960a and1960b;Porter and Machado, 1960) is only very faintly perceptible.…”

Section: C) Nucleussupporting

confidence: 55%

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CHROMATOPHORE DEVELOPMENT, PITS, AND OTHER FINE STRUCTURE IN THE RED ALGA, LOMENTARIA BAILEYANA (HARV.) FARLOW

Bouck

1962

The Journal of Cell Biology

112

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Thin sections of the red alga, Lomentaria baileyana, a tubular member of the Rhodymeniales, were examined after permanganate fixation and Araldite embedding. Many of the cellular structures in Lomentaria were found to be similar to analogous structures in animals and higher plants. However, in the walls between cells are modified areas generally known as pits which are unique to the higher orders of red algae (Florideae). In this study the pits were found to consist of a plug-like structure surrounded by an uninterrupted membrane apparently continuous with the plasma membrane. Examination of the chromatophore revealed a characteristic limiting membrane, a relatively sparse distribution of plates, no grana, and a single disc apparently oriented parallel to the limiting membrane. In addition to their origin from non-lamellate proplastids, chromatophores were found capable of division by simple constriction. Floridean starch grains were observed outside the chromatophore and the possibility of an association of the first formed grains with portions of the endoplasmic reticulum is considered. Gland ceils seem to have a high proportion of Golgi components (dictyosomes), and are believed to have some kind of secretory function. Many of the Golgi vesicles seem to open on the wall and presumably discharge their contents.In view of the paucity of available knowledge on the fine structure of the red algae, a detailed investigation of certain features of this group has seemed warranted. Pits, gland cells, mitochondria, and the origin of chromatophores have received little attention in previous electron microscope studies, and the present work was undertaken to further clarify the structure of some of these organelles.Brody and Vatter (1959) examined the uhrastructure of the unicellular red alga Porphyridium cruentum to determine the relative positions of the phycobilins and the chlorophylls in the cell as well as the influence of different light intensities on cell structure. Myers et al. (1959) published photographs of the pits in Laurencia and Rhodymenia, and cell wall structure has been examined to some extent by Cronshaw et al. (1958) and Myers et al. (1956), while Mitrakos (1960 observed the fine structure of pyrenoids and chromatophores in five genera. Other than these investigations there appear to be no published studies on the ultrastructure of the red algae.The red algae are characterized by the presence of accessory phycobilin pigments, a unique reproduction system, and the absence of motile spores. Other features--the ones investigated in the present study--are the formation of the carbohydrate food reserve (Floridean starch) outside the chromatophore, the presence of pits between cells of the higher orders, and the occurrence of "gland" cells in certain members of the group. The chlorophyllcontaining body in these plants has been variously referred to as the chloroplast, rhodoplast, or 553 on

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Section: C) Nucleussupporting

confidence: 55%

“…17). Typically these discs appear in profile as flattened membrane-bounded vesicles such as those described for Golgi structures in root-tip meristems (Whaley et al, 1959). In some cells the Golgi cisternae may be swollen to several times the thickness of those in the apical region (Fig.…”

Section: D) Golgi-apparatus (Dictyosome)mentioning

confidence: 99%

CHROMATOPHORE DEVELOPMENT, PITS, AND OTHER FINE STRUCTURE IN THE RED ALGA, LOMENTARIA BAILEYANA (HARV.) FARLOW

Bouck

1962

The Journal of Cell Biology

112

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“…11). The structure of Eichhornia root plastids resemble that of root plastids in Zea mays (Whaley et al 1959 From the results of this observation and those previously reported (Kawamatu 1965), it may be concluded that there are two kinds of plastids in hydrophyte root cells: one of the plastids has an ability to develop into chloroplast, but the other scarcely show this ability under the light influence.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Electron Microscope Observations of Plastids in the Root Cells of Some Hydrophytes

Kawamatu

1967

CYTOLOGIA

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“…Concentric arrays of membranes, for example, may be seen after virus infection (12) or during certain stages of oogenesis (16,24,29). Similarly, images showing blebbing of the membranous elements of the envelope into the cytoplasm (6,11,30,32) have sometimes (e.g. 11,30) been interpreted to mean that dynamic extensions from the nuclear surface establish a continuity between membranes of the envelope and other membrane systems of the cytoplasm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Dynamic Aspects of the Nuclear Envelope

Merriam

1962

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Nuclei of frog oocytes were isolated, fixed in OsO4 or KMnO4, and washed. Nuclear envelopes were then dissected off, placed on grids, and air-dried for electron microscopy. Envelopes from immature oocytes at the stage of beginning yolk deposition were compared with those from mature oocytes. Envelopes from the immature stage had "pores" whose annuli contained more material and showed central globules in the center much more frequently than envelopes from mature eggs. Annuli and central globules had similar appearance and fixation properties, suggesting similar chemical composition. After fixation with KMnO4, residual densities suggested that "pore" diaphragms are much more variable in thickness or composition in the younger stages. Envelopes of the immature oocytes had about 40 per cent more "pores" per unit area than mature envelopes. In crowding together, the "pores" tended to assume geometrical packing arrays in the young envelope, showing minimum center-to-center spacings of about 1530 A. Since the actual discontinuities in the membranes of the envelope are only about 950 A in diameter, this minimum distance of approach suggests that adjacent formations of the nuclear surface are associated with "pore" structure and perhaps set their limiting spacing distances. If this is true, then it can be deduced that "pore"-associated structures of the nuclear surface are probably circular in outline and about 1500 A in diameter. Isotopically labeled lysine was administered to intact, growing oocytes for 1 to 4 hours and the envelopes were subsequently isolated and fixed. Autoradiography of entire envelopes showed little or no incorporation of lysine into proteins, as compared with small fragments from other parts of the cell of roughly comparable mass. It was concluded that the isolated envelope, as seen in the electron micrographs, does not synthesize or turn over lysine-containing protein at a high rate.

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The Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Structures in Maize Root Cells

Cited by 84 publications

References 8 publications

CHROMATOPHORE DEVELOPMENT, PITS, AND OTHER FINE STRUCTURE IN THE RED ALGA, LOMENTARIA BAILEYANA (HARV.) FARLOW

CHROMATOPHORE DEVELOPMENT, PITS, AND OTHER FINE STRUCTURE IN THE RED ALGA, LOMENTARIA BAILEYANA (HARV.) FARLOW

Electron Microscope Observations of Plastids in the Root Cells of Some Hydrophytes

Some Dynamic Aspects of the Nuclear Envelope

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