The endocrinology of sarcopenia and frailty

Kamwa, Vicky; Welch, Carly; Hassan‐Smith, Zaki

doi:10.23736/s2724-6507.20.03198-3

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 123 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[4] Sarcopenia characterized by loss of viable muscle fiber was regarded as a key feature of the frailty phenotype. [10] Despite several precipitating factors, decline in anabolic hormones due to aging of the endocrine system might be the main cause of muscle insufficiency. [11] Thyroid hormones (THs), as an active participator in maintaining physical function and body composition, were also frequently implicated in sarcopenia development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between thyroid hormone levels and frailty in the community-dwelling oldest-old: a cross-sectional study

Guan

Luo

Huang

et al. 2022

Chinese Medical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Changes in thyroid hormone levels are commonly recognized characters among the elderly, which were reported to potentially influence incident frailty. Therefore, we examined the cross-sectional associations of thyroid hormones (THs) with frailty as well as the five components characterizing frailty (fatigue, resistance, ambulation, number of illnesses, and loss of weight) among the oldest-old. Methods: Four hundred and eighty-seven community-dwelling oldest-old from a local community in Haidian District, Beijing, participated in our recruitment campaign between April 2019 and May 2020. The primary outcomes were a definitive diagnosis of frailty according to the FRAIL scale (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, Loss of weight) and a positive score for each frailty subdomain. Demographic information (age, sex, marital status, and educational status), comorbidities, and details on the participants’ lifestyles were recorded. Serum THs including free triiodothyronin (fT3), triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were also measured at the beginning of our study. Logistic regressions were conducted to screen for potential risk factors for frailty and its subdomains. Results: Among the total 487 subjects at enrollment, 60 (12.23%) of them were diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism and 110 (22.59%) of the total population scored positive for frailty. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for all potential confounders, showed that frailty was significantly associated with the serum TSH concentration (odds ratio [OR]: 1.06), fT3 concentration (OR: 0.54), and subclinical hypothyroidism score (OR: 2.18). The association between fT4 and frailty was absent in our observational study. The fT3/fT4 ratio characterizing peripheral hormone conversion was also tested to be correlated with frailty. Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism, higher TSH level, lower fT3 level, and decreased fT3/fT4 ratio were all associated with frailty assessed by the FRAIL scale among the community-dwelling oldest-old, suggesting a relevant role of thyroid function in aging. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to determine the casual relationship between thyroid dysfunction and frailty in the oldest-old.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between thyroid hormone levels and frailty in the community-dwelling oldest-old: a cross-sectional study

Guan

Luo

Huang

et al. 2022

Chinese Medical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These conditions are compatible with sarcopenic obesity. Sarcopenic obesity is commonly seen in the elderly and in cancer patients [ 50 , 51 ] and has been described in the SCI population [ 52 ]. In SCI, etiology for sarcopenic obesity is multifactorial and it is characterized by increased leptin levels, low vitamin D, and lower muscle mass, using creatine as a surrogate measure [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrinological and inflammatory markers in individuals with spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Gabriela

Raguindin

Valido

et al. 2022

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to dramatic physiological changes which can be a factor in developing secondary health conditions and might be reflected in biomarker changes in this elevated risk group. We focused specifically on the endocrine and inflammation profile differences between SCI and able-bodied individuals (ABI). Our aim was to determine the differences in inflammatory markers and endocrine profiles between SCI and ABI. We systematically searched 4 electronic databases for relevant studies. Human observational (cross-sectional, cohort, case–control) studies that compared biomarkers of interest between SCI and ABI population were included. Weighted mean difference between SCI and ABI was calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was computed using I2 statistic and chi-squared test. Study quality was evaluated through the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The search strategy yielded a total of 2,603 studies from which 256 articles were selected for full-text assessment. Sixty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis. SCI individuals had higher levels of pro-inflammatory C-reactive protein and IL-6 than ABI. Creatinine and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were lower in SCI than ABI. Total testosterone levels and IGF-1 were also found to be lower, while cortisol and leptin levels were higher in SCI when compared to ABI. Accordingly, meta-regression, subgroup analysis, and leave-one-out analysis were performed, however, they were only able to partially explain the high levels of heterogeneity. Individuals with SCI show higher levels of inflammatory markers and present significant endocrinological changes when compared to ABI. Moreover, higher incidence of obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, and hypogonadism in SCI individuals, together with decreased creatinine levels reflect some of the readily measurable aspects of the phenotype changes in the SCI group. These findings need to be considered in anticipating medically related complications and personalizing SCI medical care.

show abstract

“…Paolisso's study showed that the level of insulin resistance in centenarians was low, and the insulin resistance was related closely to the occurrence of type 2 diabetes and fluctuations in blood glucose levels ( 36 ). Although insulin sensitivity will decrease with an increase in age due to a decrease in muscle content and associated weakness ( 37 ) some studies have reported that insulin sensitivity in centenarians was higher ( 38 , 39 ). This may also be a reason why the blood glucose status of centenarians is relatively stable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Variability in Glycemic Indices on Longevity in Chinese Centenarians

Dong

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundLarge fluctuations in blood glucose levels greatly impact the health and life span of elderly individuals. This study describes the characteristics of variability in glycemic indices in centenarians with the aim of emphasizing the importance of glycemic variability in elderly people.MethodsWe recruited individuals from Rugao City, Jiangsu Province, China from April 2020 to May 2021. The study cohort included 60 centenarians and 60 first-generation offspring, as well as 20 randomly selected non-cohabitant control individuals aged 60–80 years. A FreeStyle Libre H (hospital version) continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device (Abbott Ireland UK) was used to measure glycemic variability. The indices measured included the time in target glucose range (TIR), time below target glucose range (TBR), time above target glucose range (TAR), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), mean of daily differences (MODD), coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG), continuous overlapping net glycemic action (CONGA), glucose management indicator (GMI) and estimated glycated hemoglobin (eHbA1c). Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between glycemic variability and longevity.ResultsMean blood glucose (MBG), eHbA1c, GMI, mean fasting plasma glucose (M-FPG) and CONGA were lower in the centenarian group (p all < 0.05). PPGE-2 was higher in the control group than that measured in the centenarian and first-generation offspring groups (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups in MAGE, MODD, MAG, or TIR (p > 0.05). The risk of not achieving longevity increased with each one unit increase in MBG by 126% [2.26 (1.05–4.91)], eHbA1c by 67% [1.67 (1.03–2.72)], GMI by 568% [6.68 (1.11–40.30)], M-FPG by 365% [4.65 (1.57–13.75)], M-PPG1h by 98% [1.98 (1.18–3.31)], CONGA1 by 102% [2.02 (1.01–4.06)], Li by 200% [3.00 (1.04–8.61)], and PPGE-2 by 150% [2.50 (1.39–4.50)]. However, the risk of achieving longevity decreased with each unit increase of LBGI by 53% [0.47 (0.28–0.80)], ADRR by 60% [0.40 (0.18–0.86)], and TBR by 11% [0.89 (0.80–0.98)].ConclusionFluctuation in blood glucose levels in centenarians is relatively small. Maintaining an average blood glucose level and keeping blood glucose fluctuations in the normal range is conducive to longevity.

show abstract

The endocrinology of sarcopenia and frailty

Cited by 18 publications

References 123 publications

Association between thyroid hormone levels and frailty in the community-dwelling oldest-old: a cross-sectional study

Association between thyroid hormone levels and frailty in the community-dwelling oldest-old: a cross-sectional study

Endocrinological and inflammatory markers in individuals with spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of Variability in Glycemic Indices on Longevity in Chinese Centenarians

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About