The endocrine glands and the development of the chick. I. The effects of thyroid grafts

Willier, B. H.

doi:10.1002/aja.1000330105

Cited by 100 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Colocalization of BrdU and αSMA was, with a very few exceptions, not observed in PDGF-B-treated CAM (data not shown). Discussion CAM in assessment of growth factors For a long time it has been known that CAM is a suitable site for the grafting of embryonic tissues (Danchakoff 1916;Atterbury 1923;Willier 1924), and to study the effects of viruses, bacteria, and fungi (Woodruff and Goodpasture 1931;Goodpasture and Anderson 1937;Moore 1941). In search for growth factors that may promote vascularization of tumors, CAM has been used in the screening of potential angiogenic factors (Folkman 1974).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 42%

Platelet-derived growth factor-B induces transformation of fibrocytes into spindle-shaped myofibroblasts in vivo

Kurz

Christ

et al. 1998

Histochemistry and Cell Biology

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Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has a targeted activity on mesenchymal cells, but the in vivo effects of PDGF are not well understood. We have applied about 3 microg of PDGF-A and PDGF-B on the differentiated chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 13-day-old chick embryos. After 1-3 days, specimens were evaluated macroscopically, histologically with semi- and ultrathin sections, and immunohistologically with antibodies against smooth muscle alpha-actin (alphaSMA), desmin, and fibronectin (FN). Proliferation studies were performed according to the 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)/anti-BrdU method. We did not observe effects of PDGF-A. PDGF-B induced proliferation of fibrocytes and their transformation into myofibroblasts. Bundles of spindle-shaped myofibroblasts accumulated beneath the chorionic epithelium. These cells were strongly positive for alphaSMA and FN, but negative for desmin. They possessed a well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and bundles of microfilaments anchoring in the cell membrane. Our results suggest that PDGF-B is a "transforming" growth factor with important functions during formation of granulation tissue which are closely comparable to the effects of the PDGF-B-like protein of simian sarcoma virus. PDGF-B also induced vascular alterations in the CAM, which, however, appeared to be a secondary effect. While the intra-chorionic capillaries were lost, an accumulation of small vessels positive for alphaSMA was observed. This indicates a function for PDGF-B during segregation of main vessels from a primary vascular plexus.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 42%

Platelet-derived growth factor-B induces transformation of fibrocytes into spindle-shaped myofibroblasts in vivo

Kurz

Christ

et al. 1998

Histochemistry and Cell Biology

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“…Later, the CAM assay was improved through the removal of a square of the shell to expose the CAM surface [25]. The choice of the 9-day-old embryo for tissue grafting and the selection of the junction point of two or more large blood vessels as a graft site was introduced by Willier in 1924 [26] followed by the creation by Burnett in 1933 of an artificial air space above the CAM [27]. In 1948, Taylor and his group reported an alternative method of implantation of mouse tumors on the yolk sac [28].…”

Section: Early Evidence Of Cam Assay Use As a Model For Tumor Growth supporting

confidence: 40%

The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane as a model to study tumor metastasis

2008

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Tumor metastasis represents a major problem in the treatment of patients with different cancers. Specific phenotype and behavior of metastatic cells derive from specific molecular mechanisms involved in consecutive steps of the metastatic process. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental models have been utilized, but they cannot completely reproduce and characterize each step of the metastatic process. This review article is focused on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane as an in vivo model to study the metastatic process.

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“…For many years the CAM has been known to be a suitable site for the cultivation of tissues (Willer 1924) or micro-organisms (Woodruff and Goodpasture 1931). Recently, special attention has been paid to the effects of angiogenic substances, especially tumor angiogenic factors (Folkman 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 45%

A modified chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay for qualitative and quantitative study of growth factors

1991

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The application of Thermanox tissue culture coverslips to the day 9 CAM of the chick causes constant effects beneath the carrier after 3 days, and these are associated with a change in the blood vessel pattern. Histological sections show enormous thickening of the CAM in the reactive areas. The stroma of the CAM shows fibrocyte proliferation, leucocyte infiltration, and clusters of dispersed ectodermal epithelial cells exhibiting signs of necrosis. The latter obviously cause a strong vascular response. The same effects are seen when the Thermanox discs are applied at day 11. Following application on day 12 a positive or negative response to the carrier is observed, whereas on day 13 no such carrier effects are seen. The only remaining effect is compression of the intra-ectodermal capillary plexus of the CAM. This can macroscopically be seen after peroxidase staining of the blood vessels. The effect of 5 microliters PBS dried on the Thermanox disc and applied to the day 13 CAM is to cause, after 3 days, hyperosmotic damage to the ectodermal epithelium, which becomes overgrown by fibrocytes. We found dose-dependent effects of salt-free human bFGF applied to the day 13 CAM. The first and main effect is fibrocyte proliferation (0.5 microgram). New capillaries appear with higher doses, but are not as frequent as would be expected for an angiogenic substance (1.25-2.5 micrograms). Also with higher doses additional hyperplasia of the endodermal (3.75 micrograms) and ectodermal (5 micrograms) epithelium can be seen. The latter might be a non-specific hyperosmotic effect. Leucocytes are regularly present within the reactive areas. When salt-free angiogenin is applied to the day 13 CAM, some effects appear with doses of 4.6 micrograms and more. The ectodermal epithelium of the reactive areas is discontinuous, exhibiting signs of necrosis. It is overgrown by parallel fibrocytes. Whether this is a non-specific hyperosmotic effect, or indicates enhancement of invasive growth, calls for further investigation.

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The endocrine glands and the development of the chick. I. The effects of thyroid grafts

Cited by 100 publications

References 23 publications

Platelet-derived growth factor-B induces transformation of fibrocytes into spindle-shaped myofibroblasts in vivo

Platelet-derived growth factor-B induces transformation of fibrocytes into spindle-shaped myofibroblasts in vivo

The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane as a model to study tumor metastasis

A modified chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay for qualitative and quantitative study of growth factors

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