The Endo-β-1,4-Xylanase Xyn11A Is Required for Virulence in <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>

Brito, Nélida; Espino, José J.; González, Celedonio

doi:10.1094/mpmi-19-0025

Cited by 261 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The host CW is a primary target during B. cinerea growth on plant tissue (30). B. cinerea possesses a wide array of CWDEs (31,32), including six PGs (33). B. cinerea mutants of either BcPG1 or BcPG2 resulted in significantly decreased virulence on multiple hosts, including tomato (5,8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intersection between cell wall disassembly, ripening, and fruit susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

Cantu

Vicente²,

Greve³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

265

209

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Fruit ripening is characterized by processes that modify texture and flavor but also by a dramatic increase in susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea. Disassembly of the major structural polysaccharides of the cell wall (CW) is a significant process associated with ripening and contributes to fruit softening. In tomato, polygalacturonase (PG) and expansin (Exp) are among the CW proteins that cooperatively participate in ripening-associated CW disassembly. To determine whether endogenous CW disassembly influences the ripening-regulated increase in necrotropic pathogen susceptibility, B. cinerea susceptibility was assessed in transgenic fruit with suppressed polygalacturonase (LePG) and expansin (LeExp1) expression. Suppression of either LePG or LeExp1 alone did not reduce susceptibility but simultaneous suppression of both dramatically reduced the susceptibility of ripening fruit to B. cinerea, as measured by fungal biomass accumulation and by macerating lesion development. These results demonstrate that altering endogenous plant CW disassembly during ripening influences the course of infection by B. cinerea, perhaps by changing the structure or the accessibility of CW substrates to pathogen CW-degrading enzymes. Recognition of the role of ripening-associated CW metabolism in postharvest pathogen susceptibility may be useful in the design and development of strategies to limit pathogen losses during fruit storage, handling, and distribution.expansin ͉ polygalacturonase ͉ tomato ͉ plant pathogen

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intersection between cell wall disassembly, ripening, and fruit susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

Cantu

Vicente²,

Greve³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

265

209

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The effects of targeted disruption of some individual genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes support their direct involvement in infection and disease. For example, deletion of the xyn11A gene had a marked effect on the ability of Botrytis cinerea to infect tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves and grape (Vitis vinifera) berries (Brito et al, 2006), and a mutation in the xynB endoxylanase gene affected the virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Rajeshwari et al, 2005). In Colletotrichum coccodes, deletion of the pectate lyase gene CcpelA resulted in a substantial loss of virulence on green tomato fruit (Ben-Daniel et al, 2012), while in Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, deletion of the pectate lyase gene PelB reduced virulence on avocado (Persea americana) fruit (Yakoby et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phytophthora sojae Glycoside Hydrolase 12 Protein Is a Major Virulence Factor during Soybean Infection and Is Recognized as a PAMP

et al. 2015

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We identified a glycoside hydrolase family 12 (GH12) protein, XEG1, produced by the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae that exhibits xyloglucanase and b-glucanase activity. It acts as an important virulence factor during P. sojae infection but also acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) in soybean (Glycine max) and solanaceous species, where it can trigger defense responses including cell death. GH12 proteins occur widely across microbial taxa, and many of these GH12 proteins induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. The PAMP activity of XEG1 is independent of its xyloglucanase activity. XEG1 can induce plant defense responses in a BAK1-dependent manner. The perception of XEG1 occurs independently of the perception of ethylene-inducing xylanase. XEG1 is strongly induced in P. sojae within 30 min of infection of soybean and then slowly declines. Both silencing and overexpression of XEG1 in P. sojae severely reduced virulence. Many P. sojae RXLR effectors could suppress defense responses induced by XEG1, including several that are expressed within 30 min of infection. Therefore, our data suggest that PsXEG1 contributes to P. sojae virulence, but soybean recognizes PsXEG1 to induce immune responses, which in turn can be suppressed by RXLR effectors. XEG1 thus represents an apoplastic effector that is recognized via the plant's PAMP recognition machinery.

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“…Phytopathogenic fungi secrete a wide range of cell-wall-degrading enzymes that act at different stages of the infection. Among these enzymes are pectinases, cellulases and xylanases that are involved in polysaccharide degradation (St Leger et al, 1997;Cotton et al, 2003;Olivieri et al, 2004;Brito et al, 2006). Several classes of proteases have also been described (Billon-Grand et al, 2002;Bindschedler et al, 2003;Ten Have et al, 2004), whose proposed role would be to facilitate host tissue penetration and colonization by degrading structural plant cell wall proteins, and by releasing amino acids, which represent the pathogen's main source of nitrogen and sulfur during infection (Rauscher et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH controls both transcription and post-translational processing of the protease BcACP1 in the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea

et al. 2009

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During pathogenesis, the ascomycete Botrytis cinerea secretes a range of cell-wall-degrading enzymes such as polygalacturonases, glucanases and proteases. We report the identification of a new member of the G1 family of proteases, BcACP1, which is secreted by B. cinerea during infection. The production of BcACP1 correlates with the acidification of the plant tissue, and transcriptional analysis of the Bcacp1 gene showed that it is only expressed under acidic growth conditions. Using a transcriptional reporter system, we showed that pH regulation of Bcacp1 is not mediated by the canonical PacC transcription factor binding site. Like other G1 proteases, BcACP1 is produced as a pro-enzyme. Trapping of the zymogen form allowed investigation of its maturation process. Evidence is presented for an autocatalytic proteolysis of the enzyme that is triggered by acidic pH. Environmental pH therefore controls Bcacp1 production at both the transcriptional and post-translational level.

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The Endo-β-1,4-Xylanase Xyn11A Is Required for Virulence in Botrytis cinerea

Cited by 261 publications

References 48 publications

The intersection between cell wall disassembly, ripening, and fruit susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

The intersection between cell wall disassembly, ripening, and fruit susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

A Phytophthora sojae Glycoside Hydrolase 12 Protein Is a Major Virulence Factor during Soybean Infection and Is Recognized as a PAMP

pH controls both transcription and post-translational processing of the protease BcACP1 in the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea

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