The End-Permian Mass Extinction: Nature’s Revolution

Delfino, Massimo; Kustatscher, Evelyn; Lavezzi, Fabrizio; Bernardi, Massimo

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35058-1_10

“…The Permian-Triassic transition was marked by drastic disturbances in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Most importantly, the end-Permian mass extinction constituted the most severe extinction event for marine animals (e.g., Benton and Twitchett, 2003;Stanley, 2016;Delfino et al, 2020). The timing and impact of this event on the biodiversity of terrestrial animals and land plants is not yet settled (e.g., Benton and Newell, 2014;Cleal, 2014, Cascales-Miñana et al, 2016;Fielding et al, 2019;Nowak et al, 2019;Gastaldo et al, 2020;Mays et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeophytogeographical Patterns Across the Permian–Triassic Boundary

Nowak¹,

Vérard

²

,

Kustatscher

³

2020

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It has long been recognized that terrestrial floras underwent major and long-lasting changes during the Permian and Triassic, some of which have been attributed to the end-Permian mass extinction. However, these changes are still poorly understood with regard to the late Permian and Early Triassic. In particular, the impact that ecological disturbances around the Permian–Triassic boundary had on the composition and palaeogeographical distribution of land plant communities needs to be scrutinized. We analyse this impact based on fossil floras from across the world, covering the Wuchiapingian to Ladinian time interval. The plant assemblages are assigned to biomes representing particular environmentally controlled community types. Variations in the distribution of biomes between stages indicate shifts in the environmental parameters affecting terrestrial floras, and provide insights into population turnover dynamics. A substantial shift towards increasing seasonality and a reduction of biome diversity occurs in the earliest Triassic and stabilised throughout the Middle Triassic. However, results also show that the stratigraphically and (palaeo-) geographically unequal distribution of sampled localities constitutes an important limitation for this kind of analysis.

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“…The Permian-Triassic transition was marked by drastic disturbances in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Most importantly, the end-Permian mass extinction constituted the most severe extinction event for marine animals (e.g., Benton and Twitchett, 2003;Stanley, 2016;Delfino et al, 2020). The timing and impact of this event on the biodiversity of terrestrial animals and land plants is not yet settled (e.g., Benton and Newell, 2014;Cleal, 2014, Cascales-Miñana et al, 2016;Fielding et al, 2019;Nowak et al, 2019;Gastaldo et al, 2020;Mays et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post‐Permian Radiation

Foster¹,

Twitchett²

2021

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The post‐Permian radiation is the diversification of the modern evolutionary fauna in the aftermath of the end‐Permian mass extinction. This radiation was ‘delayed’ due to the magnitude of species loss, persistent environmental stress and subsequent biotic crises associated with the extinction event. Investigating the post‐Permian radiation is, however, confounded by issues with the quality of the Early Triassic fossil record. Since the low level of post‐extinction diversity has not been recorded since the Ordovician, an expectation is that the post‐Permian radiation would record large‐scale adaptations and the evolution of novel body plans. Globally, however, the extinction did not cause a reduction in the number of ecological lifestyles, and the post‐Permian radiation was seeded by an ecological diverse group of survivors. Groups that radiated into vacant ecospace include the bivalves, which diversified to dominate benthic habitats; the Scleractinia, which replaced the Palaeozoic reef‐building metazoans and the reptiles that became top marine predators. Our understanding of the post‐Permian radiation is hampered by the poor Early Triassic fossil record. The end‐Permian mass extinction event is the most severe extinction event known from the fossil record. The post‐Permian radiation was delayed due to ecological and environmental changes associated with the mass extinction event. The mass extinction did not cause the extinction of ecological lifestyles, and the post‐Permian radiation was at low taxonomic levels. The post‐Permian radiation caused a marked change in the evolutionary trajectory of almost all animal groups and led to fundamental changes in the functioning of marine ecosystems.

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The End-Permian Mass Extinction: Nature’s Revolution

Cited by 3 publications

References 94 publications

Palaeophytogeographical Patterns Across the Permian–Triassic Boundary

Palaeophytogeographical Patterns Across the Permian–Triassic Boundary

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Post‐Permian Radiation

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