The Enabling Technologies for a Quasi-Zero Emissions Commuter Aircraft

Ciliberti, Danilo; Vecchia, Pierluigi Della; Memmolo, Vittorio; Nicolosi, Fabrizio; Wortmann, Guido; Ricci, Fabrizio

doi:10.3390/aerospace9060319

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…), barely visible damage and safety margin. Actually, composite materials are designed considering limit allowable, which is appreciably lower than material ultimate due to the tolerance introduced ( Figure 4 b according to Boeing Design Manual and Military Handbook [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 44 ]). Consequently, the design limit allowable σ d.l.a.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Benefit of Structural Health Monitoring System on Civil Jet Aircraft

Cusati

Corcione

Memmolo

2022

Sensors

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Structural health monitoring represents an interesting enabling technology towards increasing aviation safety and reducing operating costs by unlocking novel maintenance approaches and procedures. However, the benefits of such a technology are limited to maintenance costs reductions by cutting or even eliminating some maintenance scheduled checks. The key limitation to move a step further in exploiting structural health monitoring technology is represented by the regulation imposed in sizing aircraft composite structures. A safety margin of 2.0 is usually applied to estimate the ultimate loading that composite structures must withstand. This limitation is imposed since physical nondestructive inspection of composite structures is really challenging or even impossible in some cases. However, a structural health monitoring system represents a viable way for a real time check for the health status of a composite structure. Thus, the introduction of structural health monitoring should help into reducing the stringent safety margin imposed by aviation regulation for a safe design of composite structures. By assuming a safety margin reduction from 2.0 to 1.75 thanks to the installation of permanently attached sensors for structural health diagnostics, this paper assesses the potential fuel savings and direct operating costs through a multidisciplinary analysis on a A220-like aircraft. According to the foreseen level of technology, addressed through the number of sensors per square meter, a DOC saving from 2% up to 5% is achievable preserving, at the same time, all the key aircraft performance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Benefit of Structural Health Monitoring System on Civil Jet Aircraft

Cusati

Corcione

Memmolo

2022

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…The vibratory grating boiler is a type of automated combustion equipment characterized by its simplistic structure and relatively low capacity (Silva et al, 2023). The surface of the grate undergoes vibrations due to alternating inertial forces, which in turn propel biomass forward, facilitating automated combustion (Ciliberti et al, 2022). The combustion of forest biomass generates thermal energy within the boiler, which in turn facilitates the conversion of water into steam through a process known as the steam Rankine cycle (Chen et al, 2022).…”

Section: Direct Use Of Forest Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

A concise review of technologies for converting forest biomass to bioenergy

Raihan

2023

JTIE

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The use of biomass is vital in reducing the negative effects of rising fossil fuel consumption. Given its quantity and diversity, forest biomass has garnered a lot of interest among the many kinds of biomass. This study evaluates the various strategies for transforming woody waste into usable biofuels. Carbon dioxide emissions from traditional energy generation systems could be mitigated through the direct utilization of forest biomass. Low energy conversion rates, as well as soot emissions and residues, are some of the problems that come up when directly using forest biomass. The sustainability of direct energy generation from forest biomass is also seriously threatened by the lack of constant access to biomass. Co-combustion with coal and pelletizing biomass is two solutions proposed for this issue. Co-combustion of forest biomass with coal has the potential to lower the process's emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfides. This article reviews and discusses the biochemical and thermochemical mechanisms that can transform forest biomass into a variety of liquid and gaseous biofuels. Future research using cutting-edge sustainability assessment tools like life cycle assessment, exergy, etc. should investigate the sustainability of forest biomass conversion processes to bioenergy further.

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“…A key challenge in the context of aviation research is to find effective solutions to reduce emissions [1][2][3][4][5][6]. To date, one of the most promising technologies in this regard involves the integration of electric power systems onto transport aircraft [7][8][9][10][11][12] because electric propulsion can provide high efficiencies and eliminate emissions directly related to the flight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Analysis for Hybrid–Electric Regional Aircraft Conceptual Design and Development

Palaia,

Abu Salem,

Quarta

2023

Applied Sciences

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This paper proposes a conceptual analysis of the limitations related to the development (and integration) of hybrid–electric propulsion on regional transport aircraft, with the aim to identify a feasibility space for this innovative aircraft concept. Hybrid–electric aircraft have attracted the interest of aeronautical research as these have the potential to reduce fuel consumption and, thus, the related greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, considering the development of such an aircraft configuration while keeping the constraints deriving from technological and/or operating aspects loose could lead to the analysis of concepts that are unlikely to be realised. In this paper, specifically to outline the boundaries constraining the actual development of such aircraft, the influence on overall aircraft design and performance of the main technological, operating, and design factors characterising the development of such a configuration is analysed and discussed at a conceptual level. Specifically, the current achievable gravimetric battery energy density (BED) is identified as the main limiting factor for the development of regional hybrid–electric aircraft, and a sensitivity analysis shows the correlation of this important technological parameter with aircraft performance in terms of both fuel consumption and energy efficiency. In this context, minimum technological development thresholds are therefore identified to enable the effective development of this type of aircraft; namely, a minimum of BED = 500 Wh/kg at battery pack level is identified as necessary to provide tangible benefits. From an operating point of view, flight distance is the most limiting design requirement, and a proper assessment of the design range is necessary if a hybrid–electric aircraft is to be designed to achieve lower emissions than the state of the art; flight ranges equal to or lower than 600 nm are to be considered for this type of aircraft. As a bridging of both of the previous constraints, a change in the design paradigm with respect to established practices for state-of-the-art aircraft is necessary. More specifically, penalisations in maximum take-off weight and overall aircraft energy efficiency may be necessary if the aim is to reduce direct in-flight consumption by means of integration of hybrid–electric powertrains.

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The Enabling Technologies for a Quasi-Zero Emissions Commuter Aircraft

Cited by 14 publications

References 128 publications

Potential Benefit of Structural Health Monitoring System on Civil Jet Aircraft

Potential Benefit of Structural Health Monitoring System on Civil Jet Aircraft

A concise review of technologies for converting forest biomass to bioenergy

Parametric Analysis for Hybrid–Electric Regional Aircraft Conceptual Design and Development

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