The Empire of Chance: How Probability Changed Science and Everyday Life.

Guttorp, Peter; Gigerenzer, Gerd; Swijtink, Zeno G.; Porter, Theodore M.; Daston, Lorraine; Beatty, J. Thomas; Krüger, Lorenz

doi:10.2307/2289806

Cited by 2 publications

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“…We might even understand this configuration of agency in the AI laboratory as building on statistical epistemic configurations going as far back as the birth of statistics in sociology in the 1700s and 1800s (Gigerenzer et al, 1989).…”

Section: Concluding Discussion (500 Words)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Scientists: Agency, AI, and the Science of Data

Lee¹

2023

Preprint

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In 2008, Chris Anderson, the head of the well-known TED talks, proclaimed that the scientific method was obsolete. Instead of verifying hypotheses through scientific experiments, future researchers would use computerized pattern recognition to find new scientific relationships. According to Anderson, ‘Correlation supersedes causation, and science can advance even without coherent models, unified theories, or really any mechanistic explanation at all’ (Anderson 2008).Today, science is producing ever larger amounts of data. New digital tools, methods and infrastructures create a growing flood of ‘big data’ that biomedicine wants to benefit from and analyze. In order to manage this growing flood of data, many data-driven research projects in biomedicine are turning to new methods developed in AI-research. We are consequently seeing an explosive introduction of AI-techniques in the sciences. Thus, AI seems to promise a whole new way of producing knowledge about the world. But what are the consequences of introducing AI-analyses for biomedical knowledge production? What happens to biomedicine when human judgment and the traditional scientific method are supplemented with, and sometimes replaced by, AI and the analysis of large amounts of data? This paper explores these epistemic questions from the point of view of agency and human judgment. What happens to human judgment in scientific experiments with the introduction of AI? How is theory developed in the science of AI? The paper discusses these changes from the point of view of the concepts hybrid agency and onto-epistemology, asking how the AI and data revolutions are reshaping how science is done.

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Section: Concluding Discussion (500 Words)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Scientists: Agency, AI, and the Science of Data

Lee¹

2023

Preprint

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“…Evolution resembles a probabilistic system [116,117]. Traits that give an organism a better chance to reproduce or survive and that can be passed on to offspring become more dominant over time.…”

Section: Evolution: Patterns and The Question Of Directionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Evolution of the Biological Framework for Insight

Neidhöfer

2021

Philosophies

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The details of abiogenesis, to date, remain a matter of debate and constitute a key mystery in science and philosophy. The prevailing scientific hypothesis implies an evolutionary process of increasing complexity on Earth starting from (self-) replicating polymers. Defining the cut-off point where life begins is another moot point beyond the scope of this article. We will instead walk through the known evolutionary steps that led from these first exceptional polymers to the vast network of living biomatter that spans our world today, focusing in particular on perception, from simple biological feedback mechanisms to the complexity that allows for abstract thought. We will then project from the well-known to the unknown to gain a glimpse into what the universe aims to accomplish with living matter, just to find that if the universe had ever planned to be comprehended, evolution still has a long way to go.

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The Empire of Chance: How Probability Changed Science and Everyday Life.

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Hybrid Scientists: Agency, AI, and the Science of Data

Hybrid Scientists: Agency, AI, and the Science of Data

On the Evolution of the Biological Framework for Insight

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