The empire of capital and the remaking of centre–periphery relations

Makki, Fouad

doi:10.1080/0143659042000185381

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…First, importing volunteers may undermine or overshadow other expressions of community solidarity, such as informal community networks, unions, local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and cooperatives (Lasker ). Second, scholars such as Escobar () and Makki () have argued that development efforts re‐create the colonial social structure that was accepted until 1945. Third, volunteering is often thought of as a practice “helping activities… engaged in without expectation of reward” (Snyder and Omoto :3), and voluntourism has become a fashionable way of “traveling with a purpose” (Brown :479).…”

Section: The Voluntouristsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exotic Place, White Space: Racialized Volunteer Spaces in Honduras

Schneider

2018

Sociological Forum

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In every year between 2004 and 2012, more than 800,000 Americans reported volunteering internationally (Lough ). These volunteers are overwhelmingly white (McBride and Lough ) and entering a largely nonwhite and developing world. This study starts by questioning how racial status informs volunteer/volunteer tourist interactions, both with locals and with other volunteers, in a global context. In‐depth interviews with 23 missionaries, teachers, and volunteers from the United States and Canada reveal that (1) international volunteering is largely motivated by romantic and exotic understandings of the Global South and (2) in spite of a stated interest in cultural immersion, participants’ notions of their whiteness guided their perceptions of Hondurans and their actions as they sought out and retreated to white spaces protected from Honduran influence. These findings further the work of those who have argued first world travelers have homogenized spaces on reserve, by demonstrating that whiteness can be the basis for the construction and maintenance of protected spaces in predominantly nonwhite countries.

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Section: The Voluntouristsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exotic Place, White Space: Racialized Volunteer Spaces in Honduras

Schneider

2018

Sociological Forum

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“…Critics also problematize the modernist, teleological idea of progress that underpins nation brands in the context of globalization (Krishnaswamy, ). Representations of former colonized nations as “young” and in the early stages of commercial development, which emerged as a representation in postwar ideologies (Rostow, ) to overcome (rhetorically at least) the colonial dichotomy of a civilized power and its “primitive” subjects (Makki, ), have continued within globalization discourses. Former colonized nations and their inhabitants are located in a perpetual “derivative discourse” where they can only be the “consumers of modernity,” since modernity itself is located in European urban industrialized worlds (Chatterjee, , p. 5).…”

Section: Narrating Nations: the “Promise” Of Nation Branding In Globamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, global trade organizations and multinationals, dominated by imperialist nations, determine what form the market takes. The resulting uneven playing field means that global inequalities continue to grow, protecting those who have historically enjoyed power and increasing the marginalization of those on the periphery (Makki, ; Pieterse, ). The pattern is reflected within nations too, as neoliberal market reforms remove protection for the poorest and privilege the interests of capital over individual or collective well‐being (Parameswaran, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

(In)credible India? A Critical Analysis of India's Nation Branding

Edwards

Ramamurthy

2016

Communication, Culture & Critique

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We offer a political‐economic, postcolonial interrogation of nation branding based on the Incredible India campaign. We show how the discursive violence inherent in nation branding promotes internal hegemonies and external market interests at the expense of cosmopolitan ideas of belonging and community. In Incredible India, colonial identities are reinscribed, peripheralizing India in line with the demands of global markets, privileging Western desires and imagination. Internal political hegemonies promoting India as a Hindu nation are also reflected in the campaign, marginalizing minority groups. However, the attempt to construct a unitary nation simultaneously reveals the presence of the “other,” contesting the narrative's boundaries. The analysis confirms nation branding as a fundamentally political process, implicated in the production and perpetuation of inequalities.

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“…By the 19th century, the Global South was firmly embedded in a discourse of development and improvement – what Vernon ironically refers to as the ‘humanitarian discovery of hunger’ (2007, 4). In an extraordinary act of historical amnesia, Global South poverty is re‐codified as a symptom of native incompetence, and in the process, whole populations become the locus of a new ‘will to improve’ (Friedmann 2004; Makki 2004; Li 2007). In other terms, biopower resurfaces in the guise of developmentalism (Escobar 1995; Legg 2006; Watts 2003).…”

Section: Colonial Agribusinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biopolitics of food provisioning

Nally

2010

Trans Inst British Geog

126

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Beginning with Foucault's writing on food provisioning in the mercantile period, this paper explores how a moral economy of hunger is gradually replaced by a political economy of food security that promotes market mechanisms as a better protection against scarcity. In Western Europe the emergence of political liberalism and laissez-faire economics substantially shaped how hunger and scarcity were conceptualised and socially managed. Beyond Europe these social forces were manifest in the development of colonial plantations. Here the transformation of non-capitalist social formations into market economies -what Harvey (2003) terms 'accumulation by dispossession' -was a foundational moment in the development of a global provisioning system that undermined the anti-scarcity strategies of some populations, while ensuring food security for others. The subsequent discovery of the 'Global South' hunger, together with the desire to encourage better habits and purer morals among 'backward' peoples, created the context in which further curative interventions, designed to consolidate a capitalist food economy, were valorised and maintained. These reflections set up the final part of the paper, where I contextualise recent efforts to present agro-biotechnologies as a prowelfare and anti-scarcity response. Moving beyond the causes of hunger to explore its strategic function, this analysis highlights how corporate agribusiness -in partnership with the life sciences -is attempting to recondition human, animal and bacterial life in order to quicken the reproduction of capital. I term this new moment in the commercialisation of food systems accumulation by molecularisation. The paper concludes by examining how the corporate management of food folds into biopolitical strategies for managing life, including the lives of the hungry poor who are 'let die' as commercial interests supplant human needs. key words biopower colonial agribusiness agro-biotechnology capitalism hunger historical geopolitics

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The empire of capital and the remaking of centre–periphery relations

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Exotic Place, White Space: Racialized Volunteer Spaces in Honduras

Exotic Place, White Space: Racialized Volunteer Spaces in Honduras

(In)credible India? A Critical Analysis of India's Nation Branding

The biopolitics of food provisioning

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