The EMI scanner. A brief review of the first 650 patients

Paxton, R.M.; Ambrose, James

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-47-561-530

Cited by 304 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…14 On the other hand, CT scan can disclose hypodensity following ischemia no sooner than 8 hours following onset 19 and, as such, is also not useful for early diagnosis.…”

Section: Rule Of 5 Seconds and Acute Reconstructive Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle cerebral artery occlusion: correlation of computed tomography and angiography with clinical outcome.

Saito¹,

Segawa²,

Shiokawa³

et al. 1987

Stroke

146

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The clinical outcome of 40 cases with middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was examined in relation to the site of occlusion and the findings on computed tomography (CT). Patients were treated conservatively without surgery. A few had decompressive craniotomy when necessary. Outcome in 7 (18%) was good, in 6 (15%) moderate, and in 15 (38%) severe; 12 (30%) died by the follow-up at 3 months. In cases with occlusion at the origin of the MCA, hypodensity on CT scan was usually localized to the basal ganglia, presumably because of collateral circulation through the anterior cerebral arteries; the outcome in these patients was not always favorable. Cases with occlusion of the trunk or branch vessels always showed marked CT hypodensity, and clinical outcome was poor. To assess quantitatively the extent of collateral circulation, the conduction time of contrast medium from the intracranial siphon (IC) to the insular portion of the MCA (M2) through the anterior cerebral arteries was calculated on serial carotid angiograms obtained within 24 hours after stroke onset. An IC-M2 time of 5 seconds was a critical indicator of whether extensive CT hypodensity would develop (the rule of 5 seconds). Furthermore, this method predicted the appearance and extent of infarction before CT revealed hypodensity. The significance of acute reconstructive surgery is also discussed. (Stroke 1987;18:863-868)T here have been surprisingly few reports of the prognosis of patients with major cerebral arterial branch occlusions, particularly of the middle cerebral artery (MCA).1 " 6 The prognosis of cases with MCA occlusion varies widely in the literature, with mortality ranging from 5 to 40%, and seems to depend to a great extent on the site of occlusion. However, only Lascelles and Burrows 4 and Moulin et al 6 examined the relation between the site of occlusion of the MCA and the patient's prognosis. Recent advances in computed tomography (CT) technology have been helpful in clarifying the exact location and extent of the cerebral infarct. We found, however, no report on the prognosis of patients with MCA occlusion in relation to the findings on CT.Reports on reconstructive vascular surgery, such as embolectomy, are increasing.7 " 12 The results of such surgery have been varied, and the indications for surgery are not always clear. Positron emission tomography (PET) can demonstrate misery perfusion in the acute stage of cerebral ischemic disease. 13 Only Baron et al 14 report the results of operations in patients in whom miseiy perfusion was identified preoperatively on PET scan.Here we correlate the site of MCA occlusion, the location and extent of infarct on CT, and the clinical disability of patients studied within 1 week after onset. A method to measure quantitatively the collateral cirFrom the Neurosurgical Division, Fuji Brain Institute and Hospital, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka, Japan.Address for reprints: Isamu Saito, MD, Fuji Noken, 270-12, Sugita, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka-418, Japan. Received February 12, 1986; accepted April 20, 1987. cul...

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“…14 On the other hand, CT scan can disclose hypodensity following ischemia no sooner than 8 hours following onset 19 and, as such, is also not useful for early diagnosis.…”

Section: Rule Of 5 Seconds and Acute Reconstructive Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle cerebral artery occlusion: correlation of computed tomography and angiography with clinical outcome.

Saito¹,

Segawa²,

Shiokawa³

et al. 1987

Stroke

146

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“…By acquiring projection images from different directions, a 3D volume is reconstructed using dedicated computer algorithms. This 3D reconstruction technique was almost immediately used for medical applications, allowing visualisation of the human body and brain (Gawler et al, 1974;Ledley et al, 1974;Paxton and Ambrose, 1974). Applications in other research domains such as wood technology (Onoe et al, 1983;Taylor et al, 1984), palaeontology (Conroy and Vannier, 1987;Zollikofer et al, 1998), soil science (Anderson et al, 1988;Braz et al, 2000;Crestana et al, 1986;Crestana et al, 1985;Petrovic et al, 1982), marine sciences (Boespflug et al, 1995) and geosciences in general (Coles et al, 1991;Vinegar and Wellington, 1987;Wellington and Vinegar, 1987), as well as industrial applications (Hopkins et al, 1981) followed shortly.…”

Section: History and Principle Of X-ray Ctmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution X-ray computed tomography in geosciences: A review of the current technology and applications

Cnudde

Boone

2013

Earth-Science Reviews

1,232

700

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Please cite this article as: Cnudde, V., Boone, M.N., "High-resolution X-ray computed tomography in geosciences: a review of the current technology and applications", Earth Science Reviews (2013Reviews ( ), doi: 10.1016Reviews ( /j.earscirev.2013 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T AbstractHigh-resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (HRXCT) or micro-CT (µCT) is a frequently used non-destructive 3D imaging and analysis technique for the investigation of internal structures of a large variety of objects, including geomaterials. Although the possibilities of X-ray micro-CT are becoming better appreciated in earth science research, the demands on this technique are also approaching certain physical limitations. As such, there remains a lot of research to be done in order to solve all the technical problems that occur when higher demands are put on the technique. In this paper, a review of the principle, the advantages and limitations of X-ray CT itself are presented, together with an overview of some current applications of micro-CT in geosciences. One of the main advantages of this technique is the fact that it is a non-destructive characterization technique which allows 4D monitoring of internal structural changes at resolutions down to a few hundred nanometers. Limitations of this technique are the operator dependency for the 3D image analysis from the reconstructed data, the discretations effects and possible imaging artefacts. Driven by the technological and computational progress, the technique is continuously growing as an analysis tool in geosciences and is becoming one of the standard techniques, as is shown by the large and still increasing number of publications in this research area. It is foreseen that this number will continue to rise, and micro-CT will become an indispensable technique in the field of geosciences.

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“…244 When CT was first introduced, early investigators were content merely to describe clinicotopographical findings. 236,296 In the present era of increasingly sophisticated stroke management, such as the use of thrombolysis, it may be necessary accurately (and reliably) to demonstrate an infarct. If a sign on CT cannot be distinguished reliably by multiple observers with varying levels of ability, it is of no use as a marker on which to base clinical decisions (e.g.…”

Section: Ct In the Positive Identification Of Ischaemic Stroke: Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

What is the best imaging strategy for acute stroke?

Wardlaw

Keir²,

Seymour³

et al. 2004

Health Technol Assess

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The EMI scanner. A brief review of the first 650 patients

Cited by 304 publications

References 7 publications

Middle cerebral artery occlusion: correlation of computed tomography and angiography with clinical outcome.

Middle cerebral artery occlusion: correlation of computed tomography and angiography with clinical outcome.

High-resolution X-ray computed tomography in geosciences: A review of the current technology and applications

What is the best imaging strategy for acute stroke?

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