The Emerging Scenario of the Gut–Brain Axis: The Therapeutic Actions of the New Actor Kefir against Neurodegenerative Diseases

Pereira, Thiago de Melo Costa; Côco, Larissa Zambom; Ton, Alyne M M; Meyrelles, Silvana S.; Campos‐Toimil, Manuel; Campagnaro, Bianca Prandi; Vasquez, Elisardo C.

doi:10.3390/antiox10111845

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 295 publications

(449 reference statements)

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“…Brain and gut microbiome interactions are developed during the first years of childhood, but can be modified by factors such as diet, medication, and stress throughout life [ 127 ]. Several studies highlight the important role of the gut microbiome in the homeostatic health-disease balance [ 128 , 129 , 130 ]. As scientific knowledge advances, the establishment and function of gut microbiota seems more complicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Link Yet to Be Disclosed

et al. 2023

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Τhe importance of the gut microbiome and its functions has only recently been recognized and researched in greater depth. The establishment of the human gut microbiome begins in utero, forming its adult-like phenotype in the first 2–3 years of life. Several factors affect and alter the gut microbiome composition and its metabolic functions, such as early onset of breastfeeding, mode of delivery, antibiotic administration, or exposure to chemical substances, among others. Existing data support the important connection between health status and gut microbiome homeostasis. In cases when this balance is disturbed, several disorders may arise, such as inflammatory reactions that lead to atopy, eczema, or allergic asthma. The so-called gut-brain axis refers to the complex biochemical pathways between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal system. One of the most fascinating areas of ongoing research is the broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and how gut health may be associated with such disorders. The prevalence of NDDs, such as autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, has increased over recent years. Whether gut microbiota homeostasis plays a role in these disorders is not yet fully understood. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an account of current knowledge on how gut health is linked with these disorders. We performed a literature review in order to identify and synthesize available data that highlights the potential association between NDDs and a balanced gut microbiome in terms of composition and proper function. The connection between the gut microbiome and NDDs offers promising new opportunities for future research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Link Yet to Be Disclosed

et al. 2023

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“…Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) occur through the gradual and progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the central or peripheral nervous system and, ultimately, the death of these neurons. AD, HD, PD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are the most common NDDs, accounting for the principal causes of death across the world ( Ranjan and Sharma, 2018 ; Ranjan, 2020 ; Pereira et al, 2021 ). The probability of the onset of these diseases increases with age ( Wyss-Coray, 2016 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical prospects of Silymarin for the treatment of neurological patients: an updated insight

Ranjan

Gautam

2023

Front. Neurosci.

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BackgroundSilymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid complex extricated from dried fruits and seeds of the plant Silybum marianum L. Chemically, it is a mixture of flavonolignan complexes consisting of silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, silydianin, a minor quantity of taxifolin, and other polyphenolic compounds, which possess different bio medicinal values.PurposeThis review critically looks into the current status, pharmaceutical prospects and limitations of the clinical application of Silymarin for treating neurological disorders. In particular, Silymarin’s medicinal properties and molecular mechanisms are focused on providing a better-compiled understanding helpful in its neuro-pharmacological or therapeutic aspects.MethodsThis review was compiled by the literature search done using three databases, i.e., PubMed (Medline), EMBASE and Science Direct, up to January 2023, using the keywords-Silymarin, neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Type 2 Diabetes, pharmaceutical prospects and treatment. Then, potentially relevant publications and studies (matching the eligible criteria) were retrieved and selected to explain in this review using PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) study flow chart.ResultSince its discovery, it has been widely studied as a hepatoprotective drug for various liver disorders. However, in the last 10–15 years, several research studies have shown its putative neuroprotective nature against various brain disorders, including psychiatric, neurodegenerative, cognitive, metabolic and other neurological disorders. The main underlying neuroprotective mechanisms in preventing and curing such disorders are the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, pro-neurotrophic and pro-estrogenic nature of the bioactive molecules.ConclusionThis review provides a lucid summary of the well-studied neuroprotective effects of Silymarin, its underlying molecular mechanisms and current limitations for its usage during neurological disorders. Finally, we have suggested a future course of action for developing it as a novel herbal drug for the treatment of brain diseases.

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“…Combinations of probiotics and prebiotics are known as synbiotics. Memory and general cognitive function were enhanced in Alzheimer's patients when given kefir-fermented milk as (Pereira et al, 2021). Proinflammatory cytokines such TNF-α, IL-8, and IL12p70 were decreased following treatment with the synbiotic.…”

Section: Probiotic Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Approaches of Nutraceuticals in Neurological Disorders: A Review

Kumar,

Gupta,

Anamika

et al. 2024

J. Res. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol.

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A big problem in healthcare around the world is neurological illnesses. There is a huge healthcare and financial burden on society worldwide due to the dramatically increased risk of chronic sickness and diseases linked with posed lifestyle changes. Fine treatment for sick illnesses with few known adverse effects is the goal of research. A number of functional food studies have been launched in the last few decades in an effort to identify meals with enhanced therapeutic activity and reduced adverse effects. As a result, research into nutraceutical therapy for illness prevention and various extraction procedures for disorders has been underway. Progressive memory loss characterises Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder. The pharmaceutical options available today are expensive, come with unwanted side effects, and are in short supply. Scientists and researchers have noticed that nutraceuticals have a big impact. The anti-Alzheimer's efficacy of nutraceuticals was examined in a number of clinical and preclinical investigations. The study of new therapeutic targets, such as the pathophysiological mechanisms and unique cascades, has resulted from the growing understanding of the AD pathogenesis. Therefore, the most effective and well-known nutraceuticals will be showcased in the present development, together with brief mechanisms involving antioxidants, autophagy control, anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial homeostasis, and more. Nutraceuticals have real-world impacts, and getting your hands on phytochemicals and other vital bioactive ingredients from therapeutically active foods is a top priority. Because of this, the term "functional foods" has been muddied and replaced with similar ones such as "pharmafoods," "medifoods," "vita foods," or "medicinal foods." Nutraceuticals are in high demand to counteract neurological interventions, and there is an urgent need to stick to healthy options. Nutraceuticals may play a preventative role in neurological therapies due to the demonstrated correlation between dietary patterns and lifestyle factors and neurodegeneration. Examining high-quality clinical trials is the focus of the present study, which touches on several important neurological topics. In light of nutraceuticals' promise as multi-targeted therapy for Alzheimer's disease, it is critical to assess them as promising lead molecules for the development of new drugs. Prospective studies should, according to the authors' understanding, take into account blood-brain barrier permeability alteration, bioavailability, and features of randomised clinical trials.

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The Emerging Scenario of the Gut–Brain Axis: The Therapeutic Actions of the New Actor Kefir against Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cited by 16 publications

References 295 publications

Gut Microbiome and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Link Yet to Be Disclosed

Gut Microbiome and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Link Yet to Be Disclosed

Pharmaceutical prospects of Silymarin for the treatment of neurological patients: an updated insight

Therapeutic Approaches of Nutraceuticals in Neurological Disorders: A Review

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