The emerging role of the nitrate and peptide transporter family: NPF in plant specialized metabolism

Kanstrup, Christa; Nour-Eldin, Hussam Hassan

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102243

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Most experiments to characterize genes reported in this review have only focused on a single nitrogen form or fail to designate the nitrogen form at all ( Table 3 ). Detailed characterizations of individual nitrogen transporters may show that, not only are they responsible for uptake of both NO 3 − and NH 4 + (for example, NRT 2.3b [ 64 ]), but also their functions have expanded and co-evolved to interact with other biotic and abiotic factors [ 161 , 162 ]. For example, NPF6.5 not only regulates NO 3 − uptake, but is also associated with recruitment of root microbes involved in the synthesis of NH 4 + [ 158 ].…”

Section: Puzzles—knowledge Gaps About Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for Higher Yields of Wheat and Rice through Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism

Kasemsap

Bloom

2022

Plants

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Wheat and rice produce nutritious grains that provide 32% of the protein in the human diet globally. Here, we examine how genetic modifications to improve assimilation of the inorganic nitrogen forms ammonium and nitrate into protein influence grain yield of these crops. Successful breeding for modified nitrogen metabolism has focused on genes that coordinate nitrogen and carbon metabolism, including those that regulate tillering, heading date, and ammonium assimilation. Gaps in our current understanding include (1) species differences among candidate genes in nitrogen metabolism pathways, (2) the extent to which relative abundance of these nitrogen forms across natural soil environments shape crop responses, and (3) natural variation and genetic architecture of nitrogen-mediated yield improvement. Despite extensive research on the genetics of nitrogen metabolism since the rise of synthetic fertilizers, only a few projects targeting nitrogen pathways have resulted in development of cultivars with higher yields. To continue improving grain yield and quality, breeding strategies need to focus concurrently on both carbon and nitrogen assimilation and consider manipulating genes with smaller effects or that underlie regulatory networks as well as genes directly associated with nitrogen metabolism.

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Section: Puzzles—knowledge Gaps About Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for Higher Yields of Wheat and Rice through Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism

Kasemsap

Bloom

2022

Plants

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“…The advances in plant molecular research and the advent of sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have allowed the discovery of several members of the low- and high-affinity NO 3 and NH 4 uptake, transport, translocation, assimilation, and remobilization molecular functions in several plant species in response to various environmental stimuli such as drought stress [ 138 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 ], salinity [ 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 ], heat stress [ 160 , 161 ], heavy-metal stress [ 162 , 163 ], flooding stress [ 164 , 165 , 166 ], and biotic stress [ 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 ].…”

Section: Multiple Roles Of Nitrogen and N-containing Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Facets of Nitrogen: From Atmospheric Gas to Indispensable Agricultural Input

Kabange

Lee

Shin

et al. 2022

Life

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Nitrogen (N) is a gas and the fifth most abundant element naturally found in the atmosphere. N’s role in agriculture and plant metabolism has been widely investigated for decades, and extensive information regarding this subject is available. However, the advent of sequencing technology and the advances in plant biotechnology, coupled with the growing interest in functional genomics-related studies and the various environmental challenges, have paved novel paths to rediscovering the fundamentals of N and its dynamics in physiological and biological processes, as well as biochemical reactions under both normal and stress conditions. This work provides a comprehensive review on multiple facets of N and N-containing compounds in plants disseminated in the literature to better appreciate N in its multiple dimensions. Here, some of the ancient but fundamental aspects of N are revived and the advances in our understanding of N in the metabolism of plants is portrayed. It is established that N is indispensable for achieving high plant productivity and fitness. However, the use of N-rich fertilizers in relatively higher amounts negatively affects the environment. Therefore, a paradigm shift is important to shape to the future use of N-rich fertilizers in crop production and their contribution to the current global greenhouse gases (GHGs) budget would help tackle current global environmental challenges toward a sustainable agriculture.

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“…Over the past decade, NPF clades 1 and 2 have emerged as hotspots for transporters of almost all classes of specialized metabolites. As of now the list of substrate classes include, glucosinolates, cyanogenic glucosides, steroid glycoalkaloids, monoterpene indole alkaloids and flavonoids (Kanstrup & Nour-Eldin 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic insight into substrate specificity of plant glucosinolate transporters

Kanstrup

Wulff

Peña-Varas

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Plants depend on transport processes for correct allocation of specialized metabolites. This is important for optimal defense, avoidance of autotoxicity, connecting compartmented biosynthetic modules and more. Transport of a wide variety of specialized metabolites is mediated by transporters from the Nitrate and Peptide transporter Family (NPF), which belongs to the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS). However, the mechanism by which NPF members recognize and transport specialized metabolites remains unknown. Here we mutate eight residues to reciprocally swap the substrate-preference of two closely related glucosinolate transporters (GTRs). Seven of these residues assemble in a ring-like structure in all conformations of the transporters. We labeled the ring-like structure a selectivity filter and based on docking studies, we propose that the interaction between the selectivity filter and the glucosinolate side chain determines whether a given glucosinolate is recognized as a substrate. Besides partly explaining the distinct substrate preference of GTR1 (NPF2.10) and GTR3 (NPF2.9), this study proposes fundamental principles of substrate recognition in the NPF and establishes the GTR subclade as a novel model system for studying structure function relationships in the NPF.

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The emerging role of the nitrate and peptide transporter family: NPF in plant specialized metabolism

Cited by 22 publications

References 73 publications

Breeding for Higher Yields of Wheat and Rice through Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism

Breeding for Higher Yields of Wheat and Rice through Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism

Multiple Facets of Nitrogen: From Atmospheric Gas to Indispensable Agricultural Input

Mechanistic insight into substrate specificity of plant glucosinolate transporters

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