The Emerging Role of The Eosinophil and Its Measurement in Chronic Cough

Sadeghi, Mahboobeh Haji; Morice, Alyn H.

doi:10.2174/1874306401711010017

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Woerly et al ( 32 ) observed a sensitive increase in CD28 in peripheral blood eosinophils from individuals with hypereosinophilia when compared with healthy individuals, suggesting that these eosinophils may play a role not only in helminthic infections, but also in other disorders associated to allergies, when these cells are generally increased. These data may suggest the participation and activation of eosinophils in determining Th2 polarization during infectious and non-infectious pathologies ( 33 , 34 ). When analyzing the T-cells population, CD28 expression is increased in spleen and MHC-II upregulated in bone marrow upon T. canis infection, indicating productive activation of this subset during peak eosinophilia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Robust Phenotypic Activation of Eosinophils during Experimental Toxocara canis Infection

et al. 2018

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Eosinophils are multifunctional cells that have cytotoxic proinflammatory activities and stimulate CD4+ T-cells in experimental models of allergy and parasitic infections. Eosinophils, when exposed to antigens, are activated, expressing the CD38/CD69 molecules and exhibited increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II), CD80 and CD86, suggesting they play a role upon Toxocara canis antigen stimulation. In the present study, we evaluated the profile of eosinophils using conventional and image flow cytometry upon experimental T. canis infection. T. canis antigens induced a robust activation on this subset, contributing to the immune responses elicited in the experimental model for T. canis-associated visceral larva migrans syndrome. Data analysis demonstrated that, during murine T. canis infection, eosinophils from peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow presented upregulated expression of CD69/MHC-II/CD80/CD86. As opposed to splenic and bone marrow eosinophils, circulating eosinophils had increased expression of activation markers upon T. canis infection. The enhanced connectivity between eosinophils and T-cells in T. canis-infected mice in all three compartments (peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow) also supports the hypothesis that eosinophils may adopt a role during T. canis infection. Moreover, in vitro T. canis antigen stimulation resulted in activation and upregulation of co-stimulatory-related molecules by bone marrow-derived eosinophils. Our findings are evidence of activation and upregulation of important activation and co-stimulatory-related molecules in eosinophils and suggest a reshape of activation hierarchy toward eosinophils during experimental T. canis infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Robust Phenotypic Activation of Eosinophils during Experimental Toxocara canis Infection

et al. 2018

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“…It has been confirmed that numbers of active mast cells appear in the bone marrow of HES patients with a positive PDGFRA fusion gene [34]. The mechanisms underlying eosinophilic airway inflammation in chronic cough due to allergic (T helper type 2 cells) and nonallergic (innate lymphoid type 2 cells) pathways had been illustrated in 2 recent outstanding reviews [4,5]. Activated T helper type 2 or innate lymphoid type 2 cells release interleukins, causing eosinophilia inflammation, and bronchial hyperreactivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Cough in hypereosinophilic syndrome: case report and literature review

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2020

BMC Pulm Med

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Background: Cough and airway eosinophilic inflammation has not been highlighted in hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Case presentation: We report 2 further cases and reviewed the clinical features and treatment of HES present with cough from the literature. Both cases were middle age male, presenting with chronic cough, airway eosinophilic inflammation and hyper eosinophilia who have been previous misdiagnosed as cough-variant asthma and failed anti-asthma treatment. PDGFRA fusion gene was confirmed in one case, but not in the other case. Both had evidence of myeloproliferative features. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib, resulted in complete resolution of eosinophilia and cough. By searching PubMed, we found 8 HES cohorts of 411 cases between 1975 and 2013, where the incidence of cough was 23.11%. Sixteen case reports of HES presented with cough as predominant or sole symptom, with nine male patients with positive PDGFRA fusion gene, who responded well to imatinib. Six of seven patients, who tested negative for the PDGFRA, responded to systemic glucocorticoids. Conclusions: Cough and airway eosinophilic inflammation is common in some HES patients. PDGFRA+ HES patients present with chronic cough respond well to imatinib. Our case reports indicate that PDGFRA negative HES patients may respond to imatinib as well.

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“…Sputum eosinophils are generally considered to be reliable biomarkers of Th2 airway inflammation in asthma ( 47 ). In order to perform sputum induction, the patient is required to inhale a hypertonic solution by nebulization, which helps to produce sputum that can then be expectorated ( 55 ). However, sputum induction testing has the disadvantage of not being readily available in primary care ( 47 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, sputum induction’s success rate is only around 80%, due to difficulties that may arise during the sampling process ( 56 ). For instance, certain patients may experience bronchoconstriction due to the inhalation of hypertonic saline, and others may be unable to produce sufficient saliva for sputum analysis ( 55 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Accuracy of Liquid Biomarkers in Airway Diseases: Toward Point-of-Care Applications

et al. 2022

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BackgroundLiquid biomarkers have shown increasing utility in the clinical management of airway diseases. Salivary and blood samples are particularly amenable to point-of-care (POC) testing due to simple specimen collection and processing. However, very few POC tests have successfully progressed to clinical application due to the uncertainty and unpredictability surrounding their diagnostic accuracy.ObjectiveTo review liquid biomarkers of airway diseases with well-established diagnostic accuracies and discuss their prospects for future POC applications.MethodologyA literature review of publications indexed in Medline or Embase was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of liquid biomarkers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), and COVID-19.ResultsOf 3,628 studies, 71 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Sputum and blood eosinophils were the most frequently investigated biomarkers for the management of asthma and COPD. Salivary pepsin was the only biomarker with a well-documented accuracy for the diagnosis of LPR. Inflammatory blood biomarkers (e.g., CRP, D-dimers, ferritin) were found to be useful to predict the severity, complications, and mortality related to COVID-19 infection.ConclusionMultiple liquid biomarkers have well-established diagnostic accuracies and are thus amenable to POC testing in clinical settings.

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The Emerging Role of The Eosinophil and Its Measurement in Chronic Cough

Cited by 10 publications

References 87 publications

Robust Phenotypic Activation of Eosinophils during Experimental Toxocara canis Infection

Robust Phenotypic Activation of Eosinophils during Experimental Toxocara canis Infection

Cough in hypereosinophilic syndrome: case report and literature review

Diagnostic Accuracy of Liquid Biomarkers in Airway Diseases: Toward Point-of-Care Applications

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