The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in fungal infection

Liang, Chuting; Lian, Ni; Li, Min

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.900895

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 140 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…NETs are a mechanism to capture and finally kill microorganisms, which is accompanied by simultaneous calprotectin release in a high concentration to support the elimination of the invading pathogens [ 89 ]. This mechanism is well known for host defense against bacteria, and was also recently shown for viruses, such as COVID-19 [ 90 ], and fungi, as shown for the world’s three most deadly fungal pathogens ( C. albicans , Aspergillus fumigatus , and Cryptococcus neoformans ) [ 91 ]. According to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System study, Candida species are responsible for 85% of fungal infections among patients in critical conditions.…”

Section: Zinc and Nutritional Immunitymentioning

confidence: 85%

Zinc in Human Health and Infectious Diseases

Maywald

Rink

2022

Biomolecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the last few decades, the micronutrient zinc has proven to be an important metal ion for a well-functioning immune system, and thus also for a suitable immune defense. Nowadays, it is known that the main cause of zinc deficiency is malnutrition. In particular, vulnerable populations, such as the elderly in Western countries and children in developing countries, are often affected. However, sufficient zinc intake and homeostasis is essential for a healthy life, as it is known that zinc deficiency is associated with a multitude of immune disorders such as metabolic and chronic diseases, as well as infectious diseases such as respiratory infections, malaria, HIV, or tuberculosis. Moreover, the modulation of the proinflammatory immune response and oxidative stress is well described. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of zinc have been known for a long time, but are not comprehensively researched and understood yet. Therefore, this review highlights the current molecular mechanisms underlying the development of a pro-/ and anti-inflammatory immune response as a result of zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation. Additionally, we emphasize the potential of zinc as a preventive and therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other strategies, that could ameliorate infectious diseases.

show abstract

Section: Zinc and Nutritional Immunitymentioning

confidence: 85%

Zinc in Human Health and Infectious Diseases

Maywald

Rink

2022

Biomolecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Innate immune cells can release extracellular structures known as ETs [ 104 ]. Apart from their recognized antibacterial and antimycotic functions [ 105 , 106 ], recent research has unveiled a connection between ET formation and sterile inflammation following tissue damage [ 107 ]. Domer et al demonstrated how ETs could induce further ET formation and establish a positive feedback loop capable of intensifying inflammation [ 108 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophages coordinate immune response to laser-induced injury via extracellular traps

Conedera,

Kokona,

Zinkernagel

et al. 2024

J Neuroinflammation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Retinal degeneration results from disruptions in retinal homeostasis due to injury, disease, or aging and triggers peripheral leukocyte infiltration. Effective immune responses rely on coordinated actions of resident microglia and recruited macrophages, critical for tissue remodeling and repair. However, these phagocytes also contribute to chronic inflammation in degenerated retinas, yet the precise coordination of immune response to retinal damage remains elusive. Recent investigations have demonstrated that phagocytic cells can produce extracellular traps (ETs), which are a source of self-antigens that alter the immune response, which can potentially lead to tissue injury. Methods Innovations in experimental systems facilitate real-time exploration of immune cell interactions and dynamic responses. We integrated in vivo imaging with ultrastructural analysis, transcriptomics, pharmacological treatments, and knockout mice to elucidate the role of phagocytes and their modulation of the local inflammatory response through extracellular traps (ETs). Deciphering these mechanisms is essential for developing novel and enhanced immunotherapeutic approaches that can redirect a specific maladaptive immune response towards favorable wound healing in the retina. Results Our findings underscore the pivotal role of innate immune cells, especially macrophages/monocytes, in regulating retinal repair and inflammation. The absence of neutrophil and macrophage infiltration aids parenchymal integrity restoration, while their depletion, particularly macrophages/monocytes, impedes vascular recovery. We demonstrate that macrophages/monocytes, when recruited in the retina, release chromatin and granular proteins, forming ETs. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of ETosis support retinal and vascular repair, surpassing the effects of blocking innate immune cell recruitment. Simultaneously, the absence of ETosis reshapes the inflammatory response, causing neutrophils, helper, and cytotoxic T-cells to be restricted primarily in the superficial capillary plexus instead of reaching the damaged photoreceptor layer. Conclusions Our data offer novel insights into innate immunity's role in responding to retinal damage and potentially help developing innovative immunotherapeutic approaches that can shift the immune response from maladaptive to beneficial for retinal regeneration.

show abstract

“…Innate immune cells can release extracellular structures known as ETs (98). Apart from their recognized bactericidal and anti-fungal functions (99, 100), recent research has unveiled a connection between ET formation and sterile inflammation following tissue damage (101). Domer et al demonstrated how ETs could induce further ET formation and establish a positive feedback loop capable of intensifying inflammation (102).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophages Coordinate Immune Response to Laser-Induced Injury via Extracellular Traps

Conedera,

Kokona,

Zinkernagel

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Macrophages/monocytes, the primary contributors to chronic inflammation in degenerated retinas, orchestrate intricate immune responses. They remain enigmatic in their local coordination and activation mechanisms. Innovations in experimental systems enable real-time exploration of immune cell interactions and temporal dimensions in response. In preclinical mouse models, we use in vivo microscopy to unravel how macrophages/monocytes govern microglia and PL responses spatio-temporally. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of innate immune cells, especially macrophages/monocytes, in regulating retinal repair. The absence of neutrophil and macrophage infiltration aids parenchymal integrity restoration, while their depletion, particularly macrophages/monocytes, impedes vascular recovery. Innate immune cells, when activated, release chromatin and granular proteins, forming extracellular traps (ETs), critical for tissue repair by modulating neutrophil and T-cell responses. Our investigations demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of ETosis with Cl-amidine enhances retinal and vascular repair, surpassing the effects of blocking innate immune cell recruitment. Simultaneously, Cl-amidine treatment reshapes the inflammatory response, causing neutrophils, helper, and cytotoxic T-cells to cluster primarily in the superficial capillary plexus, affecting retinal microvasculature perfusion. Our data offer novel insights into innate immunity's role in responding to retinal damage, potentially informing more effective immunotherapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.

show abstract

The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in fungal infection

Cited by 11 publications

References 140 publications

Zinc in Human Health and Infectious Diseases

Zinc in Human Health and Infectious Diseases

Macrophages coordinate immune response to laser-induced injury via extracellular traps

Macrophages Coordinate Immune Response to Laser-Induced Injury via Extracellular Traps

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About