The Emerging Role of IL‐10 in Pregnancy

Chaouat, Gérard; Menu, Elisabeth; Smedt, Delphine De; Khrihnan, Lakshmi; Lin, Hui; Meliani, Aines Assal; Martal, J.; Raghupathy, Raj; Wegmann, T

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00488.x

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It has been shown that in carriers of allele E4, IL10 plasma concentration is reduced [22]. IL10 maintains anti-inflammation capacity and inhibits formation of atherosclerotic plaques which are collectively crucial for a successful pre-implantation and survival of pregnancy [23,24]. Overall, IL10 plays an important role in maintenance of pregnancy, however in Apo E4 carriers the blood level of this cytokine is effectively reduced [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive association of Apolipoprotein E4 polymorphism with recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian patients

Asgari

Akbari

Zare

et al. 2013

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Problem Numerous lines of evidence implicate Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) in lipid metabolism during pregnancy. Hence, a role for its polymorphism has been envisaged in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) considering major structural and functional differences between different Apo E genotypes. Method of study A case control study of 81 women with two or more pregnancy losses that did not have any other known risk factors including anatomic anomalies of the reproductive system, infections, immunologic factors, hormonal imbalances, chromosomal abnormalities and environmental factors was carried out. The control group consisted of 81 women with at least two healthy children and no RPL in their reproductive history. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood following written consent and Apo E genotyping was carried out by amplifying exon 4 of the gene and subjecting it to digestion by HhaI restriction enzyme. Results Genotyping was concluded by analyzing different fragment sizes produced, which resulted in finding significantly higher frequency of combined E3/E4 and E4/E4 genotypes in the patients (about 20 %) compared to the normal controls (2.4 %). The genotypes were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Conclusion Allelic frequency for E4 was 13.5 % in the patients and only 1 % in the non-RPL group. Our findings confirm and are in line with a number of similar studies carried out on other populations. Therefore, Apo E4 polymorphism seems to be contributing to the thrombophilic risk factors as a background to RPL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive association of Apolipoprotein E4 polymorphism with recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian patients

Asgari

Akbari

Zare

et al. 2013

J Assist Reprod Genet

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“…IFN-␥ along with TNF can suppress the development of murine fetuses and can induce apoptosis of human trophoblasts in vitro (15). On the other hand, exogenous administration of the Th2/immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 can reverse fetal resorption in a murine model of recurrent spontaneous abortion (5). In the context of human malaria, elevated placental levels of IFN-␥, TNF, and IL-2 have been reported (12), and high mRNA and protein levels of TNF are associated with low birth weight (30,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Malaria-Induced Murine Pregnancy Failure with Robust Peripheral and Placental Cytokine Responses

Poovassery

Moore

2009

Infect Immun

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Malarial infection in nonimmune pregnant women is a major risk factor for pregnancy failure. The biological mechanisms that underlie malaria-associated fetal loss, however, are poorly understood. Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection during early pregnancy results in midgestational embryonic loss in naive C57BL/6 mice. To define the immunopathogenesis of this malaria-induced pregnancy compromise, cytokine production in plasma, spleen, and placenta cell culture supernatants during the first 11 days of infection and gestation was studied. In infected pregnant mice, systemic interleukin-1␤ and both systemic and splenic gamma interferon levels were elevated relative to those in uninfected pregnant mice, and gamma interferon was also robustly produced within the placenta 1 to 2 days before malaria-induced fetal loss. Although circulating tumor necrosis factor production was not affected by pregnancy or infection, circulating soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II was highest in infected pregnant mice, particularly those undergoing abortion, but decreased at the placental level preceding abortion. Systemic levels of interleukin-10 were also high in infected mice at this time point, but this cytokine was not detected at the placental level. Histological examination revealed that trophoblast giant cells of aborting mice phagocytosed infected red blood cells and hemozoin. Furthermore, in vitro-cultured trophoblast cells isolated from embryos on day 7 of gestation phagocytosed P. chabaudi AS-infected red blood cells and secreted tumor necrosis factor. These results suggest that systemic and placenta-level proinflammatory antimalarial immune responses, in the absence of adequate and sustained counterregulatory mechanisms, contribute to pregnancy loss in this model.

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“…52 Several studies support the hypothesis that production of type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) may permit allograph tolerance and maintenance of pregnancy. 45,46 Factors promoting a shift from a protolerance to a prorejection milieu remain to be fully characterized but may include infection, trauma, and vascular compromise. Evidence that HIV infection may create a prorejection milieu is supported by the increased risk of spontaneous abortion in HIV-infected women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…44 Previous studies of cytokine expression in the placenta have revealed production of a variety of type 1, type 2, and proinflammatory cytokines. [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] The cytokine milieu of the placenta and the hormonal-cytokine network at the maternal-fetal interface has a crucial role in preventing fetal allograph rejection and supporting implantation. Allograph rejection is mediated by type 1 cytokines including interferon-␥ and tumor necrosis factor-␤.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up-Regulation of CCR5 Expression in the Placenta Is Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Vertical Transmission

Behbahani

Popek

Garcia

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Pathology

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The role of placenta in vertical transmission is not yet fully understood. A protective role of the placenta during gestation is suggested by the finding that caesarian sections reduce the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 from mother to child three-to fourfold. Here we investigated whether the immunological milieu of the placenta might be important in HIV-1 transmission. In situ imaging of immunohistochemically stained placenta sections and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated a fourfold increase in CCR5:CXCR4 expression ratio in placentae from transmitting women compared to placentae from nontransmitting women. This chemokine receptor repertoire was consistent with an up-regulation of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 expression in placentae from nontransmitting placentae compared to transmitting placentae. In situ imaging demonstrated that CCR5 and CXCR4 were expressed on placental macrophages and lymphocytes but not in trophoblasts. Simultaneous immunofluorescence/ultrasensitive in situ hybridization for HIV-1 gag-pol mRNA revealed that HIV-1 infects primarily CXCR4-expressing cells in placentae from nontransmitting women whereas predominantly CCR5-expressing cells were infected in placentae from transmitting women. These data are consistent with transmission of a homogeneous population of nonsyncytium-inducing HIV-1 isolates that use CCR5 as co-receptor. (Am J Pathol 2000, 157:1811-1818)

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The Emerging Role of IL‐10 in Pregnancy

Cited by 39 publications

References 18 publications

Positive association of Apolipoprotein E4 polymorphism with recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian patients

Positive association of Apolipoprotein E4 polymorphism with recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian patients

Association of Malaria-Induced Murine Pregnancy Failure with Robust Peripheral and Placental Cytokine Responses

Up-Regulation of CCR5 Expression in the Placenta Is Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Vertical Transmission

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