The Emerging Epidemic of Obesity, Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome in China

Shen, Jia; Goyal, Abhinav; Sperling, Laurence

doi:10.1155/2012/178675

Cited by 87 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most significant of these noncommunicable diseases because its burden has become increasingly severe [2]. At present, there are over 100 million people with CKD in China [3], a prevalence that most likely will continue to increase due to the increasing incidence of hypertension [4], obesity [5], and type 2 diabetes mellitus [6,7] and due to the increasing average age of the population [8]. Therefore, updated epidemiological studies evaluating the spectrum of kidney diseases that lead to CKD are needed for the purposes of improving patient care, disease prevention, and public health interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Spectrum of Kidney Diseases: An Analysis of 40,759 Biopsy-Proven Cases from 2003 to 2014 in China

et al. 2017

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Objectives: To evaluate the changing spectrum of kidney diseases over time in China using renal biopsy-proven cases. Methods: All patients over the age of 14 years who were diagnosed with a kidney disease by renal biopsy in the Renal Biopsy Registry of the National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases in Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, from 2003 to 2014 were included. Results: In total, 40,759 cases of renal biopsy were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 36.59 ± 14.12 years. 52.0% of the patients were male. Primary glomerulonephritis (PGN), secondary glomerulonephritis, tubulointerstitial disease, and hereditary renal diseases accounted for 67.1, 26.4, 2.9, and 2.5%, respectively. IgA nephropathy (IgAN), membranous nephropathy (MN), minimal change disease, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis were the leading PGN diagnoses. The frequency of MN increased significantly (p < 0.001) by doubling from 2003 to 2014. An analysis by age category indicated that the frequency of MN increased significantly over time (p < 0.001) in all age categories and increased by more than 2 times in the 14-24 age category. Lupus nephritis (LN) and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) decreased significantly (p < 0.001), diabetic nephropathy (DN) increased nearly twice (p < 0.001), monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD) tripled (p < 0.001), and hypertensive nephropathy (HT) (p < 0.001) and renal amyloidosis (AMY) (p < 0.05) showed an upward trend. An analysis by age category showed that hepatitis B-related nephritis has significantly decreased in the 14-24 age category (p < 0.001). Conclusion: PGN continued to be the predominant kidney disease in China with IgAN being the most common PGN. The frequency of MN increased significantly, with a maximum increase in young adults. LN and HSPN decreased significantly, DN and MIDD increased significantly, and HT and AMY also showed an increasing trend. The kidney disease trends presented in this study serve as a reference point for patient care, disease prevention, and public health interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Spectrum of Kidney Diseases: An Analysis of 40,759 Biopsy-Proven Cases from 2003 to 2014 in China

et al. 2017

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“…In the United States, around 35% of adults and 50% of the elderly people (more than 60 years old) were estimated to have MetS during 2003 and 2012 (2). In China, the condition is similar to the United States and many other countries and areas (3)(4)(5). A series of studies have shown a relatively higher prevalence of MetS in urban areas than in rural areas nationwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of metabolically obese but normal weight (MONW) and metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) in Chinese Beijing urban subjects

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2017

BST

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“…However, the challenge is that the clustering of cardiovascular risks which include abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycaemia usually termed as MS [6] is reported to be varied across many regions [7,8]. MS is almost becoming an epidemic, and is likely to overwhelm the health care systems and slow economic growth [9]. Importantly, MS is a recognized risk factor for CVD and type II diabetes with insulin resistance generally accepted as its underlying mechanism [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and its Components Among University Employees by Age, Gender and Occupation

Cheserek

Shen

et al. 2014

JCDR

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Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS), a known risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and type II diabetes is an emerging epidemic in China. Studies carried out on the general population indicate a varied clustering of cardiovascular risks in many parts of the country. However, there is limited data on its prevalence in the working population. Workplace can serve as an important place for prevention, control and management of CVD risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MS and its components among University workers, and determine how the prevalence varied according to sex and occupation.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 2,428 University employees (22-60 years) who received an annual clinical examination at the University hospital. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), and lipid profiles were measured. MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment panel III modified criteria.Results: Overall prevalence of MS was 6.1%, higher in males (5.1%) than females (1.1%), and increased with age. The most prevalent MS components in all workers were hypertension (37.9%) and hypertryglyceridemia (20.8%), corresponding rates in males were 28.3% and 16.1% while females had a prevalence of 9.6% and 4.7%. After adjustment for age, administrative work was associated (p<0.05) with increased hypertension (odds ratio (OR) =1.474; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.146-1.896) and hyperglycemia (OR=1.469; 95% CI, 1.082-1.993) in male workers, and with hypertension (OR=1.492; 95% CI, 1.071-2.080) in females. However, prevalence of hypertryglyceridemia was lower (OR=0.390; 95% CI, 0.204-0.746) in female administrators compared to those in academics. Obesity, MS and reduced High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol prevalence was not different (p>0.05) between the two occupations in both sexes. Conclusions:Prevalence of MS and its com ponents was higher in male workers than in females, increased with age, and were more common in administrative workers. The findings support the need for gender and occupation specific health interventions to prevent CVDs and type II diabetes in the workplace.

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The Emerging Epidemic of Obesity, Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome in China

Cited by 87 publications

References 29 publications

Changes in the Spectrum of Kidney Diseases: An Analysis of 40,759 Biopsy-Proven Cases from 2003 to 2014 in China

Changes in the Spectrum of Kidney Diseases: An Analysis of 40,759 Biopsy-Proven Cases from 2003 to 2014 in China

Prevalence of metabolically obese but normal weight (MONW) and metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) in Chinese Beijing urban subjects

Disparities in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and its Components Among University Employees by Age, Gender and Occupation

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