The emergent physics of animal locomotion

Sponberg, Simon

doi:10.1063/pt.3.3691

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Motility is a fundamental property of many biological systems, from swimming sperm [1] and crawling cells [2] to animal locomotion [3]. While animals coordinate motion in response to optical and mechanical sensory inputs, regulation of motility on the microscale requires very different mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quorum-sensing active particles with discontinuous motility

2020

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We develop a dynamic mean-field theory for polar active particles that interact through a selfgenerated field, in particular one generated through emitting a chemical signal. While being a form of chemotactic response, it is different from conventional chemotaxis in that particles discontinuously change their motility when the local concentration surpasses a threshold. The resulting coupled equations for density and polarization are linear and can be solved analytically for simple geometries, yielding inhomogeneous density profiles. Specifically, here we consider a planar and circular interface. Our theory thus explains the observed coexistence of dense aggregates with an active gas. There are, however, differences to the more conventional picture of liquid-gas coexistence based on a free energy, most notably the absence of a critical point. We corroborate our analytical predictions by numerical simulations of active particles under confinement and interacting through volume exclusion. Excellent quantitative agreement is reached through an effective translational diffusion coefficient. We finally show that an additional response to the chemical gradient direction is sufficient to induce vortex clusters. Our results pave the way to engineer motility responses in order to achieve aggregation and collective behavior even at unfavorable conditions. arXiv:1909.12758v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quorum-sensing active particles with discontinuous motility

2020

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“…[209,210] Wearable and skin-mountable sensors could be helpful in robophysical models to provide insight in the neuromechanics of locomotion. [211][212][213][214] Neuromechanics pertains to multiple physiological systems interacting to generate behavior in living organisms (Figure 14a). Attempting to decipher the neuromechanics of the locomotion involves the capturing of neuronal activity, the dynamics of the musculo-skeletal system, as well as the interaction of the body with the external environment.…”

Section: Soft Robotics and Neuromechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable and Stretchable Strain Sensors: Materials, Sensing Mechanisms, and Applications

Souri¹,

Banerjee

Jusufi

et al. 2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

344

257

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Recent advances in the design and implementation of wearable resistive, capacitive, and optical strain sensors are summarized herein. Wearable and stretchable strain sensors have received extensive research interest due to their applications in personalized healthcare, human motion detection, human–machine interfaces, soft robotics, and beyond. The disconnection of overlapped nanomaterials, reversible opening/closing of microcracks in sensing films, and alteration of the tunneling resistance have been successfully adopted to develop high‐performance resistive‐type sensors. On the other hand, the sensing behavior of capacitive‐type and optical strain sensors is largely governed by their geometrical changes under stretching/releasing cycles. The sensor design parameters, including stretchability, sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis, and dynamic durability, are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the promising applications of wearable strain sensors are highlighted in detail. Although considerable progress has been made so far, wearable strain sensors are still in their prototype stage, and several challenges in the manufacturing of integrated and multifunctional strain sensors should be yet tackled.

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“…This idea, independently developed by Herbert Simon in the context of engineered systems [105,106], provides testable consequences that have lead to further investigations and theories across a wide variety of systems [74,[107][108][109]. Similarly, ideas about optimizing feedback control and energy-efficiency have shaped biolocomotion studies [110], and concepts from reinforcement learning have served as a starting point toward investigations into the neural implementation of learning [13,111].…”

Section: Toward Theories Of Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring behavior across scales

2018

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The need for high-throughput, precise, and meaningful methods for measuring behavior has been amplified by our recent successes in measuring and manipulating neural circuitry. The largest challenges associated with moving in this direction, however, are not technical but are instead conceptual: what numbers should one put on the movements an animal is performing (or not performing)? In this review, I will describe how theoretical and data analytical ideas are interfacing with recently-developed computational and experimental methodologies to answer these questions across a variety of contexts, length scales, and time scales. I will attempt to highlight commonalities between approaches and areas where further advances are necessary to place behavior on the same quantitative footing as other scientific fields.

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The emergent physics of animal locomotion

Abstract: Many physiological systems must work together to enable movement in animals and other organisms. Neuromechanics explores how those systems interact with each other and the environment.

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

Quorum-sensing active particles with discontinuous motility

Quorum-sensing active particles with discontinuous motility

Wearable and Stretchable Strain Sensors: Materials, Sensing Mechanisms, and Applications

Measuring behavior across scales

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