The Emergence of Ukraine : Self-Determination, Occupation, and War in Ukraine, 1917–1922

Relations Between Ukraine and Poland After the First World War (1917-1920)

“…The response to this threat was different. The attitude of Polish politicians was close to neutral: on the one hand, they understood that the formation of a Ukrainian state in the Dnieper would respond to Galicia and create a threat there for Poland, on the other -they were even more frightened by the danger of the restoration of "great Russia" [4].…”

“…Already from the first steps of its activities, the Central Committee paid much attention to the issues of Ukrainian-Polish relations. During the period from 1917 to early 1918, Ukrainian-Polish relations did not yet become interstate, as Ukraine was only an autonomy in Russia [4], but the nominal Polish Kingdom also did not constitute a full-fledged state body, because it was in the Austro-Germanic dependence. Thus, for Ukraine, the problem of Ukrainian-Polish relations was for some time internal in nature, since after Russians and Jews it was the third largest national minority in Ukraine.…”

“…Another important problem facing the UNR was the need to establish relations with the Polish military formations that emerged from the ranks of the former Russian Imperial Army and to determine their status in Ukraine [4]. In fact, they no longer obeyed the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army.…”

“…As a result of the signing of the Brest Peace Treaty in the first half of 1918, the Polish-Ukrainian relations in Galicia became critical. [4] The Brest peace has become a harbinger of the future Polish-Ukrainian armed conflict, which for some time was held back by Germany and Austria-Hungary, which, after signing the agreement, controlled not only Poland but also Ukraine. At this time, Ukrainian-Polish relations from the internal affairs of Ukraine are beginning to grow into inter-state relations.…”

Grain export from Ukraine: assessment of the potential during peace negotions in Brest-Litovsk

“…The political signifi cance of Ukrainian bread exports to the Central Powers has been thoroughly covered in scholarly works on the Brest Peace and Ukrainian-German and Ukrainian-Austrian relations during the WWI. Particularly, this was discussed in recent works on this topic -in collections of articles and monographs by domestic and foreign historians 1 . At the same time, the purely economic aspect of the Brest Peace Talks is poorly understood.…”