The emergence of salivary cortisol circadian rhythm and its relationship to sleep activity in preterm infants

Antonini, Sonir Roberto Rauber

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.00935.x

Cited by 78 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Our salivary F values agree with levels published for infants elsewhere (range 1.7–20 nmol/l) [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Normal adults have morning salivary F means between 8.7 and 15.5 nmol/l [27,28,29,30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Individually, there were marked differences in F levels both from week to week, and between the paired samples collected on single days. For a longitudinal study, our numbers are comparable to previous studies and our sampling more frequent [1,2,3, 6]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Some authors have simply ‘looked for’ the ‘adult-type’ pattern and amplitude in circadian rhythm. Santiago et al [24] and Antonini et al [26 ]have based their analyses of salivary F levels on the CV for the F assay. For circadian rhythm to be present, the evening level was required to be less than the morning level by 3 times their intra-assay CV in individuals (22% drop).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the human fetus, day-night rhythms can be detected for heart rate, respiratory rate, and steroid levels [13], but it has been presumed that these are maternally derived [14]. Several studies have suggested that circadian rhythm of some physiological parameters emerge in preterm infants as a result of environmental cues and are a function of PNA rather than postmenstrual age (PMA) [6,15,16,17]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only published study of circadian rhythm in F secretion in preterm infants examined sequential saliva samples from 9 infants born at 31–34 weeks’ gestation. An adult-type circadian rhythm (defined as 22% drop in F by evening, equivalent to 3 times intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV)) developed at a mean of 9.3 weeks PNA (median 8) [6]. The PNA at which F circadian rhythm emerges in infants born before 30 weeks’ gestation is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of Adult-Type Salivary Cortisol Circadian Rhythm in Hospitalized Preterm Infants

et al. 2005

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Background/Aims: Knowledge of the presence or absence of cortisol (F) circadian rhythm in preterm infants is important for the interpretation of F measurements made in samples taken for both clinical and research purposes. Little is known about its emergence in very preterm infants. This study examines circadian rhythm in F secretion in hospitalized infants born before 30 weeks’ gestation. Methods: Design: Prospective longitudinal observational study. Subjects: 11 infants admitted consecutively and born before 30 completed weeks of gestation. Measurements: F was measured by highly specific radioimmunoassay on morning and evening saliva samples gathered at weekly intervals until discharged home. Circadian rhythm was defined as ≧40% reduction from morning to evening level. Results: For all data, the median salivary F was 10.3 nmol/l (range <0.5–372.8). F levels were highest in the first 3 weeks of life. No infants displayed classical circadian rhythm for 4 weeks or more prior to being discharged from hospital. The other infants showed randomly distributed morning and evening F values with a trend in 4 infants towards periods of consistently higher evening than morning values. Conclusion: Adult-type F circadian rhythm is rarely evident in hospitalized preterm infants born before 30 weeks’ gestation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of Adult-Type Salivary Cortisol Circadian Rhythm in Hospitalized Preterm Infants

et al. 2005

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Maternal stress and behavior modulate relationships between neonatal stress, attention, and basal cortisol at 8 months in preterm infants

Grunau

Petrie-Thomas

et al. 2007

Developmental Psychobiology

119

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There is evidence that the developmental trajectory of cortisol secretion in preterm infants is altered, with elevated basal cortisol levels observed postnatally through at least 18 months corrected age (CA). This alteration is possibly due to neonatal pain-related stress. High cortisol levels might contribute to greater risk of impaired neurodevelopment. Since maternal factors are important for the regulation of infant stress responses, we investigated relationships between infant (neonatal painrelated stress, attention, cortisol) and maternal (stress, interactive behaviors) factors at age 8 months CA. We found that interactive maternal behaviors buffered the relationship between high neonatal pain-related stress exposure and poorer focused attention in mothers who self-reported low concurrent stress. Furthermore, in preterm infants exposed to high concurrent maternal stress and overwhelming interactive maternal behaviors, higher basal cortisol levels were associated with poor focused attention. Overall, these findings suggest that maternal factors can influence the cognitive resilience at 8 months of preterm infants exposed to early life stress.

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Do infants show a cortisol awakening response?

Bright

Frick

2011

Developmental Psychobiology

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Upon awakening from sleep, combined processes of deactivation of the hippocampus and activation of suprachiasmatic nucleus result in a marked increase in cortisol release from structures within the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This phenomenon, termed the cortisol awakening response (CAR), has been studied extensively in adults. In the current study, we examine this phenomenon for the first time in infancy. Saliva samples were collected by 32 mothers from themselves and their infants (13 males; 7.8-17.4 months of age) at the infant's AM waking (and 30 min later), and upon waking from the infant's first nap (and 30 min later). In contrast to what has been observed with the CAR in adults, cortisol levels declined from AM waking to 30 min post-waking. Moreover, cortisol levels did not significantly rise or fall following naps. Consistent with prior research, both group-level and dyadic-level analyses showed that cortisol levels for mother-infant dyads were associated.

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The emergence of salivary cortisol circadian rhythm and its relationship to sleep activity in preterm infants

Abstract: Our data suggest that in this group of premature infants the circadian maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis occurred at the same postnatal age as reported for term infants and that there was a parallelism between the appearance of such rhythm and the onset of sleep rhythm.

Cited by 78 publications

References 8 publications

Lack of Adult-Type Salivary Cortisol Circadian Rhythm in Hospitalized Preterm Infants

Lack of Adult-Type Salivary Cortisol Circadian Rhythm in Hospitalized Preterm Infants

Maternal stress and behavior modulate relationships between neonatal stress, attention, and basal cortisol at 8 months in preterm infants

Do infants show a cortisol awakening response?

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