The emergence of openness: How and why firms adopt selective revealing in open innovation

Henkel, Joachim; Schöberl, Simone; Alexy, Oliver

doi:10.1016/j.respol.2013.08.014

Cited by 214 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Component manufacturers also reported to contribute a lot as they have a good protection of the hardware they sell; software is seen as a complementary asset. In a follow-up study, Henkel et al (2014) further reported how openness had become a competitive edge, as customers had started to request even more revealing. Dahlander and Wallin (2006) show how having an employee in the community can be an enabler for the organizations to not only gain a good reputation but also to influence the direction of the development towards the organizations' own interests.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open innovation using open source tools: a case study at Sony Mobile

et al. 2017

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Despite growing interest of Open Innovation (OI) in Software Engineering (SE), little is known about what triggers software organizations to adopt it and how this affects SE practices. OI can be realized in numerous of ways, including Open Source Software (OSS) involvement. Outcomes from OI are not restricted to product innovation but also include process innovation, e.g. improved SE practices and methods. This study explores the involvement of a software organization (Sony Mobile) in OSS communities from an OI perspective and what SE practices (requirements engineering and testing) have been adapted in relation to OI. It also highlights the innovative outcomes resulting from OI. An exploratory embedded case study investigates how Sony Mobile use and contribute to Jenkins and Gerrit; the two central OSS tools in their continuous integration tool chain. Quantitative analysis was performed on change log data from source code repositories in order to identify the top contributors and triangulated with the results from five semi-structured interviews to explore the nature of the commits. The findings of the case study include five major themes: i) The process of opening up towards the tool communities correlates in time with a general adoption of OSS in the organization. ii) Assets not seen as competitive advantage nor a source of revenue are made open to OSS communities, and gradually, the organization turns more open. iii) The requirements engineering process towards the community is informal and based on engagement. iv) The need for systematic and automated testing is still in its infancy, but the needs are identified. v) The innovation outcomes included free features and maintenance, and were believed to increase speed and quality in development. Adopting OI was a result of a paradigm shift of moving from Windows to Linux. This shift enabled Sony Mobile to utilize the Jenkins and Gerrit communities to make their internal development process better for its software developers and testers.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open innovation using open source tools: a case study at Sony Mobile

et al. 2017

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“… Non-pecuniary forms are likely important in PBF settings, particularly search (Laursen & Salter, 2006) and revealing (Henkel, Schöberl, & Alexy, 2013).…”

Section: Technological Interdependencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even the rare example of PBF open innovation reflects this bias toward inbound knowledge flows (Acha, 2008). That literature which has focused on outbound knowledge flows has focused on how revealing intellectual property can speed up product development efforts in fast-paced, high-technology settings like software and biotech (Henkel & Maurer, 2009;Henkel et al, 2013). These studies do not help to understand how PBFs might use outbound knowledge flows as a potential means to resolve interdependencies in CoPS settings.…”

Section: Study 2: Open Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dahlander and Gann (2010) discuss revealing as the sharing of intellectual property or detailed technological information without an immediate prospect of a financial return. An example of revealing is the sharing of a preliminary design with customers to accelerate the innovation development process to create a new product innovation (Henkel et al, 2013). Using an open innovation lens and non-pecuniary knowledge flows will not only provide insights into the problem of technological interdependence for PBFs, but will also provide insight into open innovation use in networked environments in general, and CoPS settings in particular.…”

Section: Study 2: Open Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Problem  Currently, resolution of technological interdependencies via openness has not garnered much attention outside of high-technology realms (Henkel et al, 2013), and open innovation has not been applied in general to network settings (West & Bogers, 2013).…”

Section: Study 2: Open Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel product innovation in project-based firms: explaining innovation where interdependent firms deliver complex system-level outcomes

Ford¹

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Project-based firms (PBFs) are an increasingly important firm type in today's projectdriven world. Over the next two decades, PBFs will transform nearly $60 trillion into complex product systems (CoPS) that comprise the communication, energy, and transportation infrastructure of our modern global economy. In the process, they will participate in a collective technological development process that is iterative, intensely interorganisational, and dominated by their participation in large industry projects. In this environment, PBFs will deliver components, subsystems, and CoPS, some being novel products that are new to the world. These are called CoPS-related novel products.However, the current understanding of how PBFs introduce CoPS-related novel products is lacking. In general, the existing innovation literature does not provide an adequate inter-organisational perspective, which is necessary to explain the development of new The CoPS innovation literature itself remains too focused on the role of large system integrators, and not on the broader network of firms that support innovation. This leaves unscrutinised rest of the 'project-based productive network' of firms delivering products (components, technologies, and subsystems) into the higher-level CoPS. Taken together, the current literature inadequately addresses many factors that are important to novel product innovation in PBFs. Therefore, the central research question this thesis aims to answer is: What factors facilitate PBFs' ability to introduce novel product innovations in environments where interdependent firms deliver complex system-level outcomes?Three specific challenges are imperative to understanding novel product introduction in PBFs. The first relates to the project-based nature of organising, which means that PBFs have contingent opportunities for novel product innovation, depending upon the circumstances of the projects they conduct. This is called the contingent opportunities problem. The second challenge is that PBFs have to ensure that their innovations are compatible with our technologies in their environment. This is called the technological interdependencies problem. The third challenge is that PBFs have enduring interorganisational commitments that extend across the projects they conduct. This is called the enduring relationships problem.ii Novel product innovation in project-based firms Three research studies were designed and conducted to address the three specific challenges. The research is based on survey data collected from PBFs in the Australian upstream oil and gas industry. Study 1 investigates capabilities that PBFs use to overcome the contingent opportunities problems. This study finds that firms use an adaptive problemsolving capability to recognise opportunities within projects, and are reliant on networking capabilities to bring about novel product innovations. Study 2 investigates how PBFs use both inbound and outbound non-pecuniary open innovation practices to resolve technological interdependencies. This stud...

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From Governmental Open Data Toward Governmental Open Innovation (GOI)

Brunswicker¹,

Johnson²

2015

The Handbook of Global Science, Technology, and Innovation

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The emergence of openness: How and why firms adopt selective revealing in open innovation

Cited by 214 publications

References 30 publications

Open innovation using open source tools: a case study at Sony Mobile

Open innovation using open source tools: a case study at Sony Mobile

Novel product innovation in project-based firms: explaining innovation where interdependent firms deliver complex system-level outcomes

From Governmental Open Data Toward Governmental Open Innovation (GOI)

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