The emergence of drug resistant HIV variants and novel anti–retroviral therapy

Paydary, Koosha; Khaghani, Parisa; Emamzadehfard, Sahra; Mehraeen, Esmaeil; Baesi, Kazem

doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60106-9

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…HIV is a highly infectious virus affecting an estimated 35 million people worldwide (Paydary et al, 2013). HIV induces a lethal and incurable condition known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).…”

Section: Anti-hiv Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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From 2000years of Ganoderma lucidum to recent developments in nutraceuticals

et al. 2015

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Section: Anti-hiv Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV induces a lethal and incurable condition known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Current treatment strategies for HIV involve delaying the progression of the disease into AIDS (Paydary et al, 2013). Research on the effects of G. lucidum on HIV has identified various compounds that exhibit inhibitory effects.…”

Section: Anti-hiv Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

From 2000years of Ganoderma lucidum to recent developments in nutraceuticals

et al. 2015

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“…These therapies efficiently suppress the spread of HIV in patients; however, the emergence of drugresistant viruses is a continuous challenge to the effectiveness of these interventions. In addition, these antiretroviral drugs have important side effects that limit their use (2)(3)(4). Therefore, the development of new and safer anti-HIV compounds is a critical need (1,5,6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Fullerene Derivatives Strongly Inhibit HIV-1 Replication by Affecting Virus Maturation without Impairing Protease Activity

Martinez

Castro

Seong

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Three compounds (1, 2, and 3) previously reported to inhibit HIV-1 replication and/or in vitro activity of reverse transcriptase were studied, but only fullerene derivatives 1 and 2 showed strong antiviral activity on the replication of HIV-1 in human CD4 ؉ T cells. However, these compounds did not inhibit infection by single-round infection vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G (VSV-G)-pseudotyped viruses, indicating no effect on the early steps of the viral life cycle. In contrast, analysis of single-round infection VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV-1 produced in the presence of compound 1 or 2 showed a complete lack of infectivity in human CD4؉ T cells, suggesting that the late stages of the HIV-1 life cycle were affected. Quantification of virion-associated viral RNA and p24 indicates that RNA packaging and viral production were unremarkable in these viruses. However, Gag and Gag-Pol processing was affected, as evidenced by immunoblot analysis with an anti-p24 antibody and the measurement of virion-associated reverse transcriptase activity, ratifying the effect of the fullerene derivatives on virion maturation of the HIV-1 life cycle. Surprisingly, fullerenes 1 and 2 did not inhibit HIV-1 protease in an in vitro assay at the doses that potently blocked viral infectivity, suggesting a protease-independent mechanism of action. Highlighting the potential therapeutic relevance of fullerene derivatives, these compounds block infection by HIV-1 resistant to protease and maturation inhibitors.

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“…One of the important factors for inhibition of virologic failure and prevention of emerging drug resistant variants is adherence to treatment in the patients [24, 25]. Men and women demonstrated different values in terms of drug resistance and viral loads in this project.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluation of Acquired HIV Drug Resistance among People Living with HIV Who Have Taken Antiretroviral Therapy for 9–15 Months in 14 Triangular Clinics in Iran, 2015–2016

et al. 2018

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Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate drug resistance patterns among Iranian people living with HIV who have taken antiretroviral therapy for 9–15 months. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2015 and May 2016. Two hundred fifty-two blood samples were collected from all eligible HIV-infected patients at fourteen healthcare settings, located in major provinces in Iran. The samples were examined for presence of drug resistance strains and viral load level. Moreover, a phylogenetic tree, using neighbor joining, was constructed and HIV subtypes were determined. Results: The most common subtypes were CRF35-AD (47.6%) and A1 (42.8%), followed by 45_CPX (4.8%) and C (4.8%). The resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and protease inhibitors was reported as 19.2, 19.2, and 10.3%, respectively. M184I/V mutation was the most frequent (31.6%) mutation among NRTI-based regimens. Moreover, K103E/N was the most frequent (34.2%) NNRTI mutation. Conclusions: This is the first study to illuminate the emergence of the CPX genotype among Iranian patients. The drug resistance rate of NNRTIs was similar to that of NRTIs. By assessing drug resistance, it is possible to evaluate the efficacy of treatment and patient adherence to treatment.

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The emergence of drug resistant HIV variants and novel anti–retroviral therapy

Cited by 30 publications

References 68 publications

From 2000years of Ganoderma lucidum to recent developments in nutraceuticals

From 2000years of Ganoderma lucidum to recent developments in nutraceuticals

Fullerene Derivatives Strongly Inhibit HIV-1 Replication by Affecting Virus Maturation without Impairing Protease Activity

Evaluation of Acquired HIV Drug Resistance among People Living with HIV Who Have Taken Antiretroviral Therapy for 9–15 Months in 14 Triangular Clinics in Iran, 2015–2016

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