The emergence of core eudicots: new floral evidence from the earliest Late Cretaceous

Friis, Else Marie; Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard; Crane, Peter R.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.1325

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…McKenna et al. () hypothesize that the massive diversification of Curculionidae during this time was driven by the evolution and diversification of the “core” eudicots, a group comprising ~70% of all angiosperms (Friis, Pedersen, & Crane, ). Lacking representatives of all nonfarming Platypodine beetles, Jordal () was unable to precisely date the origin of farming behaviour in the Platypodinae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their origin and initial diversification coincides with the diversification of other advanced weevil groups in the Curculionidae, including the bark and ambrosia beetles of Scolytinae. McKenna et al (2009) hypothesize that the massive diversification of Curculionidae during this time was driven by the evolution and diversification of the "core" eudicots, a group comprising~70% of all angiosperms (Friis, Pedersen, & Crane, 2016). Lacking representatives of all nonfarming Platypodine beetles, Jordal (2015) was unable to precisely date the origin of farming behaviour in the Platypodinae.…”

Section: Fungal Farming Begets Fungal Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Know your farmer: Ancient origins and multiple independent domestications of ambrosia beetle fungal cultivars

2017

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Bark and ambrosia beetles are highly specialized weevils (Curculionidae) that have established diverse symbioses with fungi, most often from the order Ophiostomatales (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes). The two types of beetles are distinguished by their feeding habits and intimacy of interactions with their symbiotic fungi. The tree tissue diet of bark beetles is facilitated by fungi, while ambrosia beetles feed solely on fungi that they farm. The farming life history strategy requires domestication of a fungus, which the beetles consume as their sole food source. Ambrosia beetles in the subfamily Platypodinae originated in the mid-Cretaceous (119-88 Ma) and are the oldest known group of farming insects. However, attempts to resolve phylogenetic relationships and the timing of domestication events for fungal cultivars have been largely inconclusive. We sequenced the genomes of 12 ambrosia beetle fungal cultivars and bark beetle associates, including the devastating laurel wilt pathogen, Raffaelea lauricola, to estimate a robust phylogeny of the Ophiostomatales. We find evidence for contemporaneous diversification of the beetles and their associated fungi, followed by three independent domestication events of the ambrosia fungi genus Raffaelea. We estimate the first domestication of an Ophiostomatales fungus occurred ~86 Ma, 25 million years earlier than prior estimates and in close agreement with the estimated age of farming in the Platypodinae (96 Ma). Comparisons of the timing of fungal domestication events with the timing of beetle radiations support the hypothesis that the first large beetle radiations may have spread domesticated "ambrosia" fungi to other fungi-associated beetle groups, perhaps facilitating the evolution of new farming lineages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fungal Farming Begets Fungal Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Know your farmer: Ancient origins and multiple independent domestications of ambrosia beetle fungal cultivars

2017

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“…Our findings reveal the hybrid structure of core eudicot genomes and will hopefully help us understand what hybridization has meant for core eudicots — a group which comprises more than 70% of all living flowering plants [55]. What are the hybridization-coupled changes that has led to the current patterns of gene expression, methylation, transposable element density/distribution?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aquilegia genome reveals a hybrid origin of core eudicots

Aköz

Nordborg

2018

Preprint

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9Background: Whole-genome duplications (WGD) have dominated the evolutionary 10 history of plants. One consequence of WGD is a dramatic restructuring of the genome as 11 it undergoes diploidization, a process under which deletions and rearrangements of 12 various sizes scramble the genetic material, leading to a repacking of the genome and 13 eventual return to diploidy. Here, we investigate the history of WGD in the columbine 14 genus Aquilegia, a basal eudicot, and use it to illuminate the origins of the core eudicots. 15Results: Within-genome synteny confirms that columbines are ancient tetraploids, and 16 comparison with the grape genome reveals that this tetraploidy appears to be shared 17 with the core eudicots. Thus, the ancient gamma hexaploidy found in all core eudicots 18 must have involved a two-step process: first tetraploidy in the ancestry of all eudicots, 19 then hexaploidy in the ancestry of core eudicots. Furthermore, the precise pattern of 20 synteny sharing suggests that the latter involved allopolyploidization, and that core 21 eudicots thus have a hybrid origin. 22Conclusions: Novel analyses of synteny sharing together with the well-preserved 23 structure of the columbine genome reveal that the gamma hexaploidy at the root of core 24 eudicots is likely a result of hybridization between a tetraploid and a diploid species. 25 26 Background 27 Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is common in the evolutionary history of plants 28 [reviewed in 1,2]. All flowering plants are descended from a polyploid ancestor, which in 29 turn shows evidence of an even older WGD shared by all seed plants [3]. These repeated 30 cycles of polyploidy dramatically restructure plant genomes. Presumably driven by the 31 "diploidization" process, whereby genomes are returned to an effectively diploid state, 32 chromosomes are scrambled via fusions and fissions, lose both repetitive and genic 33sequences, or are lost entirely [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Intriguingly, gene loss after WGD is non-random: 34 not only is there a bias against the retention of certain genes [12,13], but also against the 35 retention of one of the WGD-derived paralog chromosomes [6,9,[14][15][16]. 37We investigated the history of WGDs in the columbine genus Aquilegia for two reasons. 38The first is related to its phylogenetic position: columbines are "basal" eudicots, having 39 diverged early from the remaining "core" eudicots [17,18]. This matters because our 40 understanding of eudicot karyotype evolution is limited to the heavily sampled core 41 eudicots. Using the recently published Aquilegia coerulea genome [19], we were able to 42 address key questions about the history of polyploidization in all eudicots. Second, we 43 traced the origins of the columbine chromosomes with a particular focus on the strange 44 chromosome 4, which differs from the rest of the genome many ways. In particular, it 45 harbors more genetic polymorphism and transposable elements, has lower gene density 46 and reduced gene expression, and appears to migrate more,...

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“…Exceptionally well-preserved fossils recently recovered from Upper Cretaceous deposits (~100-66 Ma) have provided meaningful advancements in our understanding of the initial diversification of major core eudicot clades, the asterids and rosids (e.g. Friis et al, 2011Friis et al, , 2016Atkinson, 2016Atkinson, , 2018Martínez et al, 2016;Atkinson et al, 2018). The earliest known core eudicots are rosid flowers and infructescences from the middle Cretaceous (~100 Ma) of North America (Basinger and Dilcher, 1984;Friis et al, 2016;Manchester et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cretaceous asterid evolution: fruits ofEydeia jerseyensissp. nov. (Cornales) from the upper Turonian of eastern North America

2018

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Thick-walled endocarps with apically opening germination valves, no central vascular bundle and one seed per locule are indicative of the order Cornales. Comparative analysis suggests that the fossils represent a new species, Eydeia jerseyensis sp. nov. This new taxon is the first evidence of Cornales in eastern North America during the Cretaceous and provides insights into the palaeobiogeography and initial diversification of the order.

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The emergence of core eudicots: new floral evidence from the earliest Late Cretaceous

Cited by 16 publications

References 79 publications

Know your farmer: Ancient origins and multiple independent domestications of ambrosia beetle fungal cultivars

Know your farmer: Ancient origins and multiple independent domestications of ambrosia beetle fungal cultivars

The Aquilegia genome reveals a hybrid origin of core eudicots

Cretaceous asterid evolution: fruits ofEydeia jerseyensissp. nov. (Cornales) from the upper Turonian of eastern North America

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