The emergence of cognitive discrepancies in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: A six-year case study

Jacobson, Mark W.; Delis, Dean C.; Peavy, Guerry M.; Wetter, Spencer; Bigler, Erin D.; Abildskov, Tracy J.; Bondi, Mark W.; Salmon, David P.

doi:10.1080/13554790902729465

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The emergence of discrepancies in cognitive functions is useful for predicting the conversion from MCI to AD, and these cognitive functions tend to decline several years before being diagnosed as AD [30,31]. Previous studies [30, 31] reported discrepancies in verbal and visual cognitive functions as a useful predictor; however, verbal memory impairment preceded visual memory impairment in most 2y-MCI-C patients in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Visual Reproduction on the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised as a Predictor of Alzheimer’s Disease in Japanese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairments

Hori¹,

Sanjo²,

Tomita

et al. 2013

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background: The Visual Reproduction (VR) test is used to assess mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but the characteristics of visual memory in Japanese MCI patients remain unclear. Methods: VR scores of 27 MCI patients were evaluated using the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. Scores of MCI, no-dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) groups were then compared. Results: The annual conversion rate of MCI to AD was 18.8%. Mean VR-I and VR-II baseline scores for MCI patients were 33.3 ± 5.6 and 20.5 ± 14.0, respectively. Mean VR-II scores for converted and nonconverted MCI patients were 7.2 ± 8.7 and 29.8 ± 9.3, respectively. Conclusions: It is likely that VR-II and VR-II/I scores are more sensitive for predicting conversion to AD in Japanese than in American MCI patients. Our results indicate that VR is a sensitive and useful measure for predicting the conversion of Japanese MCI patients to AD within 2 years.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Visual Reproduction on the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised as a Predictor of Alzheimer’s Disease in Japanese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairments

Hori¹,

Sanjo²,

Tomita

et al. 2013

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…Clearly, the elderly patient with Alzheimer's has more severe atrophy but nonetheless the atrophy in the TBI adolescent is substantial, especially when compared to the typical developing adolescent control. Note: The patient with Alzheimer's disease is taken from Jacobson et al (2009); this patient's clinical findings, including additional neuroimaging and neuropsychological details are described in that publication. Reproduced with permission from John Wiley and Sons.…”

Section: Aging Tbi and Neurodegenerative Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic brain injury, neuroimaging, and neurodegeneration

Bigler¹

2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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168

146

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Depending on severity, traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces immediate neuropathological effects that in the mildest form may be transient but as severity increases results in neural damage and degeneration. The first phase of neural degeneration is explainable by the primary acute and secondary neuropathological effects initiated by the injury; however, neuroimaging studies demonstrate a prolonged period of pathological changes that progressively occur even during the chronic phase. This review examines how neuroimaging may be used in TBI to understand (1) the dynamic changes that occur in brain development relevant to understanding the effects of TBI and how these relate to developmental stage when the brain is injured, (2) how TBI interferes with age-typical brain development and the effects of aging thereafter, and (3) how TBI results in greater frontotemporolimbic damage, results in cerebral atrophy, and is more disruptive to white matter neural connectivity. Neuroimaging quantification in TBI demonstrates degenerative effects from brain injury over time. An adverse synergistic influence of TBI with aging may predispose the brain injured individual for the development of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders long after surviving the brain injury.

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“…Furthermore, while the canonical clinical criteria that focus on memory impairment have certain diagnostic value for AD, various other dementia syndromes also exhibit memory impairments leading to diagnostic challenges. The use of VSP deficits as a biomarker in conjunction with biomarkers for limbic dysfunction can enhance the specificity of AD diagnosis [159]. For instance, retrospective studies have shown that in comparison to frontotemporal lobar dementia patients, AD patients are less sensitive to tests implicating frontal lobe dysfunction, such as word generation tasks and letter fluency, but more impaired on tests of memory (i.e., Mattis Dementia Rating Scale Memory subscale) and visuospatial abilities (i.e., WAIS Block Design and CDT) [160,161].…”

Section: Advantages For Monitoring Vsp Deficits In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuospatial Perception: An Emerging Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease

Mandal

Joshi

Saharan

2012

JAD

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In recent years, the focus of research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has shifted toward finding reliable diagnostic biomarkers that enable accurate detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as AD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the potential to identify functional changes in the preclinical stages of AD. In addition to the cardinal deficits in memory, deficits in visuospatial cognition are pervasive in AD. Recent neurophysiological and imaging studies have revealed that changes in visuospatial perception (VSP) functions can be detected in the early stages of AD. This review highlights the scope of VSP functional alterations as a biomarker for AD. We describe the neuroanatomical regions involved in the processing of various VSP tasks, and discuss the effect of AD on these regions from a pathological as well as a functional point of view. A comprehensive synopsis of the existing fMRI literature that has assessed VSP in patients with MCI and AD has been provided. The diagnostic scope of monitoring the brain activation correlates of VSP processing in AD is discussed in terms of the key advantages of utilizing VSP-related deficits in AD for early detection and longitudinal tracking of AD.

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The emergence of cognitive discrepancies in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: A six-year case study

Cited by 13 publications

References 71 publications

Visual Reproduction on the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised as a Predictor of Alzheimer’s Disease in Japanese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairments

Visual Reproduction on the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised as a Predictor of Alzheimer’s Disease in Japanese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairments

Traumatic brain injury, neuroimaging, and neurodegeneration

Visuospatial Perception: An Emerging Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease

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