The emergence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella typhi in Qatar: epidemiology and therapeutic implications

Uwaydah, Ahmad Kanaan; Matar, Issa; Chacko, K. C.; Davidson, James

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(91)90457-a

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The results of these experiments suggest that, five times the recommended dose of Enrofloxacin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic can have a negative effect on the microbiome that may be responsible for an enhancement of SH colonization, which has been previously demonstrated with other enteropathogens (4, 28, 29, 31, 32). The mechanism of antibiotic-altered resistance was not investigated in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Risks Involved in the Use of Enrofloxacin for Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Heidelberg in Commercial Poultry

et al. 2016

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The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the risks involved in the use of Enrofloxacin for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) or Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) in commercial poultry and determine the effects of a probiotic as an antibiotic alternative. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the risks involved in the use of Enrofloxacin for SE or SH in commercial poultry. Experiment 1 consisted of two trials. In each trial, chickens were assigned to one of three groups; control + SE challenged; Enrofloxacin 25 mg/kg + SE; and Enrofloxacin 50 mg/kg + SE. Chickens received Enrofloxacin in the drinking water from days 1 to 5 of age. On day 6, all groups received fresh water without any treatment. All chickens were orally gavaged with 107 cfu/chick of SE at 7 days of age and euthanized on 8 days of age. In Experiment 2, turkey poults were assigned to one of the three groups; control + SH; probiotic + SH; and Enrofloxacin 50 mg/kg + SH. Poults received probiotic or Enrofloxacin in the drinking water from days 1 to 5 of age. On day 6, poults received fresh water without any treatment. Poults were orally gavaged with 107 cfu/poult of SH at 7 days of age. Poults were weighed and humanely killed 24 h post-SH challenge to evaluate serum concentration of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran to evaluate intestinal permeability, metagenomics, and SH infection. In both trials of Experiment 1, chickens treated with Enrofloxacin were more susceptible to SE organ invasion and intestinal colonization when compared with control non-treated chickens (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, poults treated with 50 mg/kg of Enrofloxacin showed an increase in body weight, however, this group also showed an increase in SH susceptibility, intestinal permeability, and lower proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, but with control group had the highest proportion of Proteobacteria. By contrast, poults that received the probiotic had the highest proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, but lowest Proteobacteria. The results of the present study suggest that prophylactic utilization of Enrofloxacin at five times the recommended dose in poultry increases the susceptibility to salmonellae infections, and confirms that probiotics may be an effective tool in salmonellae infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Risks Involved in the Use of Enrofloxacin for Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Heidelberg in Commercial Poultry

et al. 2016

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“…For example, 24/100 Salmonella sp. isolates associated with bacteremia were MDR, but none were resistant to cefotaxime (107). Although some studies from the 1990s did not report ESBL producers from hospitalized patients (108), ICU studies illustrated a high prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance.…”

Section: Extended-spectrum and Ampc-type ␤-Lactamasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Lactamase Production in Key Gram-Negative Pathogen Isolates from the Arabian Peninsula

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY Infections due to Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The extent of antibiotic resistance in GNB in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), namely, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain, has not been previously reviewed. These countries share a high prevalence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing GNB, most of which are associated with nosocomial infections. Well-known and widespread β-lactamases genes (such as those for CTX-M-15, OXA-48, and NDM-1) have found their way into isolates from the GCC states. However, less common and unique enzymes have also been identified. These include PER-7, GES-11, and PME-1. Several potential risk factors unique to the GCC states may have contributed to the emergence and spread of β-lactamases, including the unnecessary use of antibiotics and the large population of migrant workers, particularly from the Indian subcontinent. It is clear that active surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in the GCC states is urgently needed to address regional interventions that can contain the antimicrobial resistance issue.

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“…The use of chloramphenicol for the treatment of typhoid fever is associated with reduced mortality and decreased incidence of lifethreatening complications, but the need for a long two -three week regimen to prevent relapse and prolonged fecal shedding of pathogens is a significant drawback. Widespread plasmidmediated resistance to chloramphenicol among typhoid Salmonella species became a clinical problem in the early 1970s [30,31], and both ampicillin and TMP-SMX were shown to be effective drugs to replace it until the late 1980s, when plasmidmediated resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and TMP-SMX was reported [32][33][34]. On the other hand, the re-emergence of chloramphenicol-susceptible strains has been reported from areas where the use of chloramphenicol had been avoided due to high resistance rates, possibly as a result of decreased selective pressure [35,36].…”

Section: Chloramphenicolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics for the empirical treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in children

Diniz-Santos¹,

Silva²,

Silva³

2006

Braz J Infect Dis

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While the routine use of antibiotics for infectious diarrhea in children must be avoided, because it brings little benefit in most cases and is associated with the risk of increasing antimicrobial resistance, selected cases may require antimicrobial therapy, and the choice of the antimicrobial agent often has to be made empirically. Physicians prescribing antimicrobials in such a setting have not only to be aware of the most likely pathogens, but also of their characteristic antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and the safety profile of the various drugs. We reviewed the literature on the use of ampicillin, beta-lactamase inhibitors, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, nalidixic acid, fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, metronidazole and malabsorbed agents in the setting of acute infectious diarrhea, and we evaluated the available information, seeking to apply it to empirical use, highlighting clinically-useful pharmacological information and patients' and pathogens' characteristics that must be taken into account for decisions about antimicrobial therapy.

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The emergence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella typhi in Qatar: epidemiology and therapeutic implications

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Risks Involved in the Use of Enrofloxacin for Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Heidelberg in Commercial Poultry

Risks Involved in the Use of Enrofloxacin for Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Heidelberg in Commercial Poultry

β-Lactamase Production in Key Gram-Negative Pathogen Isolates from the Arabian Peninsula

Antibiotics for the empirical treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in children

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